Version(Âù²´¦@³m¹B°Ê) ©M Vergence(Âù²´¿ç¿ê¹B°Ê)

 

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4±øª½¦Ù©M2±ø±×¦Ù ¡V ¤ºª½¦Ù¡B¥~ª½¦Ù¡B¤Wª½¦Ù¡B¤Uª½¦Ù©M¤W±×¦Ù¡B¤U±×¦Ù¡C

¤ºª½¦Ù¦¬ÁY²´²y¤ºÂà¡A¥~ª½¦Ù¦¬ÁY²´²y¥~®i¡C

²´²y¤ºÂ઺®É­Ô¡A¤U±×¦Ù­t³d¦V¤W¬Ý¡A¤W±×¦Ù­t³d¦V¤U¬Ý¡C

²´²y¥~®iªº®É­Ô¡A¤Wª½¦Ù­t³d¦V¤W¬Ý¡A¤Uª½¦Ù­t³d¦V¤U¬Ý¡C

²´²yªº¹B°Ê¬O¥Ñ12¹ï¸£¯«¸g¤§¤¤ªº²Ä¤T¡B²Ä¥|¡B²Ä¤»¤T¹ï¸£¯«¸g¨Ó±±¨î¡C

²Ä3¹ï¸£¯«¸g-°Ê²´¯«¸g(Oculomotor nerve)¤ä°t¤ºª½¦Ù¡B¤Wª½¦Ù¡B¤Uª½¦Ù©M¤U±×¦Ù¥|±ø²´¥~¦Ù¡F

²Ä4¹ï¸£¯«¸g-·Æ¨®¯«¸g(Trochlear nerve)¥u¤ä°t¤W±×¦Ù¤@±ø²´¥~¦Ù¡F

²Ä6¹ï¸£¯«¸g-¥~®i¯«¸g(Abducens nerve)¥u¤ä°t¥~ª½¦Ù¤@±ø²´¥~¦Ù¡C

²Ä¤T¡B¥|¡B¤»¤T¹ï¸£¯«¸gªº¯«¸g®Ö(nucleus)¦ì¦b¸£·F¡A¯«¸g®Öªº¶b¬ð(axon)ª½±µ¨ì¹F²´¥~¦Ù¡A¨S¦³¦A¸g¹L¤¤¤¶ªº¯«¸g¤¸¡C

¯«¸g®Ö©Î©PÃ䯫¸g(peripheral nerve)ªº¯fÅÜ¡A³y¦¨¸Ó¯«¸g©Ò¤ä°tªº²´¥~¦Ù¤O¶q­°§C©Î§¹¥þ³Â·ô¡A¨â²´µLªkºû«ù¥­¦æªº²´¦ì¡A³y¦¨±×µø¡C

¥~®i¯«¸g(n.VI)³Â·ô¡A³y¦¨¤º±×µø¡F·Æ¨®¯«¸g(n.IV)³Â·ô(±`ºÙ¬°¤W±×¦Ù³Â·ô)¡A³y¦¨¸Ó²´¤W±×µø¡B¥~±×µø¡F°Ê²´¯«¸g(n.III)³Â·ô³ÌÄY­«¡A¥¦¤ä°t4±ø²´¥~¦Ù¡A²´·ú¦]¦¹¤£¯à¦V¤º¬Ý¡B¤£¯à¦V¤W¬Ý¡B¤£¯à¦V¤U¬Ý¡A¥¦¤]¤ä°t¤W²´¥Ö©MÀû¤Õ¡A¦]¦¹³y¦¨²´Â¥¤U««¡BÀû¤ÕÂX¤j¡I

 

Version(Âù²´¦@³m¹B°Ê)

 

ªF±i¦è±æªº®É­Ô¨â²´²´²y¬O¤@¦P¤W¤U¥ª¥k¹B°Êªº¡A³o´N¬O¨â²´ªº¦@³m¹B°Ê(version)¡A¥Õ¸ÜÁ¿´N¬O¡¥ª`µø¡¦©Î¡¥¬Ý¡¦¡A­^¤å¬O¡¥gaze¡¦¡Gright gaze¡Bleft-down gaze¡B¦V¤W¬Ý¡B¦V¥k¤W¬Ý¡Kµ¥µ¥¡C

¦V¥k¬Ýªº®É­Ô¡A¥k²´¥~ª½¦Ù¦¬ÁY¡B¥ª²´¤ºª½¦Ù¦¬ÁY¡A«eªÌ¬O¥kÃä²Ä6¸£¯«¸g¤ä°t¡B«áªÌ¬O¥ªÃä²Ä3¸£¯«¸g¤ä°t¡C

¥kÃä²Ä6¸£¯«¸g©M¥ªÃä²Ä3¸£¯«¸g«ç»ò·|¦P®Éµo¥X«ü¥O©O¡H

©ó¬O¦b¥kÃ丣·F²Ä6¸£¯«¸g®Ö©M¥ªÃ丣·F²Ä3¸£¯«¸g®Ö¤§¤W¥²©w¦³­Ó¦a¤èµo¥X°T¸¹¡A¨Ã¥B¦³¯«¸g¸ô®|¶Ç¾É¨ì³o¨â­Ó¯«¸g®Ö¡C

³o­Ó¦a¤è´N¬O®Ö¤W«ü´§¤¤¤ß(supranuclear command center)©ÎªÌ¥s°µª`µø¤¤¤ß(gaze center)

¤ô¥­²´°Êªº®Ö¤W«ü´§¤¤¤ß¬O¾ô¸£®Çºôª¬µ²ºc(parapontine reticular formation, PPRF)(¨£¹Ï)¡C

¥¦¶Ç°e°T¸¹¨ì¦P°¼ªº²Ä6¸£¯«¸g®Ö¡F¸ó¹L¤¤½u¡A¸g¹L¤ºÁa§ô(medial longitudinal fasciculus, MLF)¡A¨ì¹ï°¼ªº²Ä3¸£¯«¸g®Ö(¨£¹Ï)¡C

¥kÃ䪺PPRFµ¹¥X°T¸¹¡A¨â²´¤@°_¦V¥k¬Ý¡F¥ªÃ䪺PPRFµ¹¥X°T¸¹¡A¨â²´¤@°_¦V¥ª¬Ý¡C

§Ú­Ì¹ï©ó²´²y¤ô¥­¦@³m¹B°Êªº®Ö¤Wª`µø¤¤¤ß(supranuclear gaze center) PPRFÁA¸Ñ¤ñ¸û¦h¡A¹ï©ó²´²y««ª½¦@³m¹B°Êªº®Ö¤Wª`µø¤¤¤ß´NÁA¸Ñªº¤£¬O¨º»ò²M·¡¡C

¨Ò¦p¦V¥k¤U¬Ýªº®É­Ô¡A¥k²´¤Uª½¦Ù¦¬ÁY¡B¥ª²´¤W±×¦Ù¦¬ÁY¡A«eªÌ¬O¥kÃä²Ä3¸£¯«¸g¤ä°t¡B«áªÌ¬O¥ªÃä²Ä4¸£¯«¸g¤ä°t¡C

¥kÃä²Ä3¸£¯«¸g©M¥ªÃä²Ä4¸£¯«¸g¬O«ç»ò¦P®Éµo¥X«ü¥O©O¡H

½Ò¥»¤W»¡²´²y««ª½¦@³m¹B°Êªº®Ö¤Wª`µø¤¤¤ß¥]§t¦³(1)¸£¥Õ½è«á³sµ²(posterior commissure)¡A(2)¤ºÁa§ôÀY°¼¶¡½è®Ö(rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus, riMLF)©M(3)Cajar¤ó¶¡½è®Ö(interstitial nucleus of Cajar)(¨£¹Ï)¡C

¦ý¬O¹ï©ó¬Ý¥k¤W¡B¥k¤U¡B¥ª¤W¡B¥ª¤U®É¡A³o¨Ç®Ö¤Wª`µø¤¤¤ß¦p¦ó¤ä°t(¥k¤Wª½¦Ù+¥ª¤U±×¦Ù)¡B(¥k¤Uª½¦Ù+¥ª¤W±×¦Ù)¡B(¥k¤U±×¦Ù+¥ª¤Wª½¦Ù)¡B(¥k¤W±×¦Ù+¥ª¤Uª½¦Ù)³o¨Ç¦@³m¦Ù«h¨S¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C

®Ö¤Wª`µø¤¤¤ß³y¦¨ªº±×µø³Ì¨ã¥Nªí©Êªº¬OÂù¤W±Û¦Ù³Â·ô(Double elevator palsy, DEP)¡A±ßªñ¦³¤H±N¤§§ï¬°´y­z©Êªº¦WºÙ¡¥³æ²´¦V¤W¤£¯à¡¦(Monocular elevation deficiency, MED)¡A©M¥Òª¬¸¢²´¯f(Thyroid Eye Disease, TED)¤£¯à¦V¤W¬Ý²V¦b¤@°_¡C§Ú²`²`¤£¥H¬°µM¡ADEP©MTEDªº¯f²zºIµM¤£¦P¡A¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¥Î¤@­Ó´y­z©Êªº¦WºÙ±N¨âªÌ¦X¨Ö°Q½×¡C

DEP¬O²´²y¦b¥~®i©M¦V¤ºªº¤è¦V³£¨S¿ìªk¦V¤W¬Ý¡C¦b¥~®i¦ì¸m¦V¤W¬Ý¥D­n¬O¤Wª½¦Ùµo¤O¡A¦b¦V¤º¦ì¸m¦V¤W¬Ý¥D­n¬O¤U±×¦Ùµo¤O¡C

¤Wª½¦Ù©M¤U±×¦Ù¬O²Ä3¸£¯«¸g®Ö¸Ì¤£¦Pªº¤l¯«¸g®Ö©Ò¤ä°t¡A³o¨â­Ó¤l¯«¸g®Ö¥X°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¦P¼Ë¨ü²Ä3¸£¯«¸g®Ö¤ä°tªº¤ºª½¦Ù¡B¤Uª½¦Ù§¹¦nµL¶Ë¡A¦]¦¹¤£¹³¬O¯«¸g®Ö©Î©PÃ䯫¸gªº¯fÅÜ¡A¤ñ¸û¹³¬O®Ö¤Wª`µø¤¤¤ßªº¯fÅÜ¡C

¯«¸g®Ö©Î©PÃ䯫¸gªº¯fÅÜ¡A¨ä©Ò¤ä°tªº¦Ù¦×¯Ê¥F¯«¸g´£¨Ñªº´þ¾i¦]¤l(trophic factor)¡A¤[¤§·|²£¥Í¡¥¥h¯«¸g¦Ù¦×µäÁY¡¦(denervation atrophy)¡C¥~®i¯«¸g³Â·ô¤j¦hÄÝ©ó³o¤@Ãþ¡A¥~ª½¦Ù¦]¬°¨S¦³¤F´þ¾i¦]¤l¡A¤@¬q®É¶¡¤§«á¦Ù¦×´N·|µäÁY¡C¤º±×µøªº¤â³N¤@¯ë¬O¤ºª½¦Ù«á±p(recession)+¥~ª½¦ÙºIµu(resection)¡C¥~®i¯«¸g³Â·ô³y¦¨ªº¤º±×µø¡A¤â³N¤¤·|¬Ý¨ì¥~ª½¦ÙµäÁY¡A¦ÙÅÖºûÃP´²¡A³oºØ¦Ù¦×¤£¯à°µºIµu¡B¥[±jªº¤â³N¡C§Y«Kµu®É¶¡¦³¥[±jªº§@¥Î¡A¤[¤F¤º±×µøÁ`·|´_µo¡C¦]¦¹³£¥Î°·±dªº¤Wª½¦Ù©M¤Uª½¦ÙÂà¦ì¨Ó¥[±j¥~®iªº¤O¶q¡A³o´N¬OHummelsheim procedure¡C

¦ý¬O®Ö¤W¯«¸g³y¦¨ªº±×µø¡A¦]¬°¯«¸g®Ö©M©PÃ䯫¸g§¹¦n¡A¥¦©Ò¤ä°tªº¦Ù¦×¤£·|¦³¡¥¥h¯«¸g¦Ù¦×µäÁY¡¦¡A¥HºIµu¤â³N¨Ó¥[±j³o±ø¦Ù¦×¬O¥i¦æªº¡C½Ò¥»¤WÂù¤W±Û¦Ù³Â·ô³y¦¨¤U±×µø¡A¤â³Nªº³N¦¡³£´£¨ìKnapp's procedure¡A±N¤ºª½¦Ù©M¥~ª½¦ÙÂà¦ì¨Ó¥[±j¦V¤Wªº¤O¶q¡C§Ú»{¬°ª½±µ§@¤Wª½¦ÙºIµu¡B¥[±j¤â³N¬O¥i¦æªº¡C¤×¨ä¬O¤â³N¤¤¤Ä¥X¤Wª½¦Ùªº®É­Ô¡A¬Ý¨ì¦Ù¦×ªº¦â¿A§¹¦n¡A¨S¦³µäÁY¡Aªí¥Ü¦s¦b¦³¯«¸g´þ¾i¦]¤l¡A³oºØ¦Ù¦×§@ºIµu¡B¥[±j¤â³N¬O¨S¦³°ÝÃDªº¡C

 

Vergence(Âù²´¿ç¿ê¹B°Ê)

 

Âù²´¿ç¿ê¹B°Ê(Vergence)¡AÁ¿¡¥Âù²´»E´²¹B°Ê¡¦(»E¦X/µo´²)(Convergence/Divergence)¤ñ¸û¿Ë¥Á¡B¤ñ¸û®e©ö¤F¸Ñ¡C

©MÂù²´¦@³m¹B°Ê(Conjugate eye movement) (Version)¤£¦P¡A¥¦¬O¨â²´¦V¤£¦Pªº¤è¦V¹B°Ê¡A¬OÂù²´«D¦@³m¹B°Ê(Disconjugate eye movement)¡C

¨Ì¾Ú¥[¦{¤j¾Ç¬f§JµÜ¤À®Õ(UC Berkeley)µø¥ú¾Ç±Ð±ÂClifton M. SchorªºµÛ§@Vergence Eye Movements: Basic and Clinical Aspects

 

Professor Cliff Schor

ISBN:0409950327, ISBN13:9780409950328,

Release Date: March 1983, Publisher:Butterworth-Heinemann, Length:726 Pages

Âù²´»E´²¹B°Ê¦³¥|ºØ¡G

²    Accommodative vergence (½ÕµJ©Ê»E¦X)

²    Fusional vergence (¿Ä¹³©Ê»E¦X/µo´²)

²    Proximal vergence (ªñ·Pª¾»E¦X)

²    Tonic vergence (¦Ù±i¤O»E¦X/µo´²)

¦V¤º»E¦XªÖ©w¬O¨â²´¤ºª½¦Ù¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¡F

¦V¥~µo´²«h¥i¯à¬O¨â²´¥~ª½¦Ù¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¨â²´»E¦X«á¨â²´¤ºª½¦Ù©ñÃPªºªí²{¡A³o¬O«á¸Ü¡A®e«á¦Aªí¡C

 

Accommodative vergence (½ÕµJ©Ê»E¦X)

¾B¦í¤@²´¥HªýÂ_¿Ä¹³©Ê¿ç¿ê¡A¥t¤@²´³z¹L-10D§V¤O½ÕµJ¥h¬Ý²M·¡¡A¾B¦íªº¤@²´©úÅã¦V¤º»E¦X(¨£¹Ï)¡C³o´N¬O½ÕµJ©Ê»E¦X¡C

 

¦V¤º»E¦XªÖ©w¬O¨â²´ªº¤ºª½¦Ù¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¡A¬O¨â²´ªº²Ä3¸£¯«¸gªº¤ºª½¦Ù¦¸¯«¸g®Ö¦P¨B©ñ¹qªºµ²ªG¡C

¨â²´ªº²Ä3¸£¯«¸gªº¤ºª½¦Ù¦¸¯«¸g®Ö¬°¤°»ò¦P¨B©ñ¹q©O¡H¥²©w¬O¦³®Ö¤W¤º»E¤¤¤ß(supranuclear convergence center)µ¹¤Uªº«ü¥O¡C

¬O«ç¼Ëªº¯«¸g¸ô®|Åý½ÕµJªºªº®É­Ô¡A®Ö¤W¤º»E¤¤¤ß¦P®É©ñ¹q©O¡H

 

Fusional vergence (¿Ä¹³©Ê»E¦X/µo´²)

±N°ò©³¦V¥~ªº¶¥±èª¬¸WÃè´Î(prism bar with base-out)¸m©ó¤@²´¤§«e¡A¥Ñ¤p¦Ó¤jº¥º¥¼W¥[¸WÃ誺«×¼Æ¡A¨â²´ºô½¤¤Wªº¼v¹³²£¥Í¤F¹³®t(disparity)¡A¨â²´©ó¬O¤º»E¥h©è¾P¹³®t¡A±N¼v¹³©Ô¦^¨â²´¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¦ì¸m(corresponding area)¡A³o´N¬O¿Ä¹³(fusion)ªº¾÷¨î(¨£¹Ï)¡C

 

¿Ä¹³©Ê»E¦X¤]¬O¨â²´ªº¤ºª½¦Ù¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¡A¬O¨â²´ªº²Ä3¸£¯«¸gªº¤ºª½¦Ù¦¸¯«¸g®Ö¦P¨B©ñ¹q¡A¦ý¬O©M½ÕµJ©Ê»E¦Xªº¯«¸g¸ô®|ÅãµM¤£¦P¡A®Ö¤W¤º»E¤¤¤ß(supranuclear fusional convergence center)À³¸Ó¤]¦ì¦b¤j¸£¤£¦Pªº¦ì¸m¡C

°ò©³¦V¥~ªº¸WÃè(base-out prism)¤Þµo¿Ä¹³©Ê¤º»E(fusional convergence)¡A°ò©³¦V¤ºªº¸WÃè(base-in prism)«h¤Þµo¿Ä¹³©Êµo´²(fusional divergence)¡C¿Ä¹³©Ê»E¦X¬O¨â²´ªº¤ºª½¦Ù¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¡A¨º»ò¿Ä¹³©Êµo´²¬O¨â²´ªº¥~ª½¦Ù¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¶Ü¡H

¦³¿Ä¹³©Êµo´²³o¦^¨Æ±¡¶Ü¡H¨â²´ªº¥~ª½¦Ù·|¦P¨B¦¬ÁY¶Ü¡H

Dr. Arthur Jampolsky¦³¤@½g¤å³¹¡¥Is divergence active?¡¦´N°Q½×³o¥ó¨Æ±¡¡C

Tamler E, Jampolsky A. Is divergence active? An electromyographic study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967 Mar;63(3):452-9.

Electromyographically, active divergence is defined here as the simultaneous increase in electrical activity of both lateral rectus muscles as the eyes perform a fusional divergent movement or maintain fusion beyond the fusion-free position as base-in prisms are added.

The existence of active divergence is best demonstrated by simultaneously recording both eyes of an intermittent esotrope making a fusional divergence movement and of a subject maintaining fusion beyond the fusion-free position as base-in prism is added. In such cases, one can record increased activity of both lateral rectus muscles.

Multiple-channel simultaneous recordings of all four horizontal rectus muscles suggest the general rule that horizontal fusional movements of an eye are accompanied by increased activity or co-contraction of the horizontal rectus muscles of the stationary eye, whereas, a break of fusion is associated with a simultaneous decrease in activity of the horizontal rectus muscles of the fixing stationary eye.

¦³§ÓÄ@ªÌ¦b¨â²´¥~ª½¦Ù±µ¤W¦Ù¹q¹Ï(Electromyography, EMG)ªº¹q·¥ ¡V ³o¬O«Ü°¶¤jªº¬°¬ì¾Ç§@ªºÄ묹©^Äm¡A«Ü¦h¬ì¾Ç®a¬O¤£Ä@·N¦Û¤v§@¬°¨ü¸ÕªÌªº¡C¦pªG°O¿ý¨ì¨â²´ªº¥~ª½¦Ù¦P®É©ñ¹q¡Aªí¥Ü¨â²´µo´²¬O¤@ºØ¥D°Êªº(active)¹Lµ{¡A¦Ó«D³Q°Ê¦a(passively)¥Ñ¤º»Eªº²´¦ì©ñÃP¤ºª½¦Ù¦Ó¨Ó¡C¤]·t¥ÜµÛ¨â°¼¸£·Fªº¥~®i¯«¸g®Ö¤§¤W¦³®Ö¤Wµo´²¤¤¤ß(supranuclear divergence center)ªº¦s¦b¡C

Dr. Jampolsky¤å³¹ªºµ²½×¬O(1)¶¡·²©Ê¤º±×µø(intermittent esotropia)ªº¤H¡A¨â²´¥Ñ¤º±×²´¦ì¿Ä¹³¦¨¬°¥¿²´¦ìªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A©ÎªÌ(2)¦b²´«e©ñ¸m°ò©³¦V¤ºªº¸WÃèÅý¨â²´§@¿Ä¹³©Êµo´²ªº®É­Ô¡A¦Ù¹q¹Ï°O¿ý¨ì¨â²´¥~ª½¦Ù¦P®É©ñ¹q¡C·N¨ýµÛ¿Ä¹³©Êµo´²¬O¤@­Ó¥D°Êªº°Ê§@¡A¤]´N¬O¦b¤j¸£ªº¬Y­Ó¦a¤è¦s¦bµÛ®Ö¤W¨â²´µo´²¤¤¤ß¡C¦Ü©ó½T¹ê¦ì¸m¦ó¦b¡A¥Ø«e©|¥¼´¦¾å¡C

 

Proximal vergence (ªñ·Pª¾»E¦X)

¬Ýªñ³Bªº®É­Ô¡A²´·ú¦³¤T­Ó°Ê§@(Near triad)¡G(1)½ÕµJ(accommodation)¡A(2)¨â²´¤º»E(convergence)©M(3)ÁYÀû(miosis)¡C

¦³¨Ç¤H¦b¯U¹iªºªÅ¶¡¡AÁöµM¬Ý»·³B¡A«o·|¦]¬°¹ïªÅ¶¡ªº·Pª¾¡A¤£¦Ûı¦a½ÕµJ(proximal accommodation)©Î¨â²´»E¦X(proximal convergence)¡C

¬_¨}®É±Ð±Â¥H«e§i¶D§Ú­Ì¡A§º·ç¼Ó±Ð±Â¦³ÄY­«ªºproximal accommodation¡A¦bªÅ¶¡¤£°÷¤jªº¦a¤è°tÃè¡Aªñµø²´Ãè±`·|¹LÁB¡C

¦Ü©óproximal convergence«h·|¼vÅT¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø±×µø¨¤«×ªº´ú¶q¡C

¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø»·¬Ý¡Bªñ¬Ý¨¤«×¤@¼Ëªº¬Obasic type¡F»·¬Ý¨¤«×¤ñ¸û¤jªº¬Odivergence excess©Îhigh AC/A¡Fªñ¬Ý¨¤«×¤ñ¸û¤jªº¬Oconvergence insufficiency©Îlow AC/A¡C

¦pªG¾B»\¤@²´¥b¤p®É¡B¤@¤p®É¡Aµ²ªG¥i¯à¥Ñ³o¤TÃþ«¬¤¤ªº¤@«¬Åܦ¨¥t¥~¤@«¬¡C

Dr. Burton Kushner 1998¡A1999¦bArchive Ophthalmology¤Wµoªí5½gÃö©ó¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µøªº¤å³¹¡C

(ÂIÀ»¤å³¹¦WºÙ¥i¥H³sµ²¦Ü¤å³¹ºK­n)

Kushner BJ. The distance angle to target in surgery for intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Feb;116(2):189-94.

Kushner BJ. Selective surgery for intermittent exotropia based on distance/near differences. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Mar;116(3):324-8.

Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol 1998 Jun;116(6):834.

Kushner BJ, Morton GV. Distance/near differences in intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Apr;116(4):478-86.

Kushner BJ. Diagnosis and treatment of exotropia with a high accommodation convergence-accommodation ratio. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Feb;117(2):221-4.

Kushner BJ. Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia? Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 May;117(5):638-42.

¥L»{¬°»·¬Ý¡Bªñ¬Ý±×µø¨¤«×ªº®t§O¨Ó¦Û©óproximal convergence (ªñ·Pª¾»E¦X)¡A¦ý¬O«o·s³Ð¤F¤@­Ó¿ù»~ªºµü·J¡¥Proximal fusion¡¦¡C

½²©¾ÙyÂå®v§i¶D§Ú«á¨ÓDr. Kushner¦b¦Û¤vªº®Ñ¸Ì¼g¹D¡u§Ú«á¨Óµo²{proximal fusion³o­Óµü·J¬O¡¥inadequately descriptive¡¦¡v¡C¥i±¤³\¦h¦~»´¾ÇªÌ¡B²´¬ìÂå®v¤£¹î¡A¨ÌµM¤Þ¥Îproximal fusion¤@µü¡C

 

Tonic vergence (¦Ù±i¤O»E¦X/µo´²)

¥þ¨­³Â¾K¤U§@±×µø¤â³N¡A±`·|µo²{³Â¾K¤Uªº±×µø¨¤«×©M¦bªù¶E¨S¦³³Â¾K®É´ú¶qªº¨¤«×®t§O«Ü¦h¡C

±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤W±j½Õ¹J¨ì³oºØ±¡§Î¡A§O¦]¦¹§ïÅÜ¡B½Õ¾ã§Aªº²´¥~¦Ù«á±p¡BºIµuªº¤â³N¶q¡C

¥þ¨­³Â¾K¨Ï¥Î¤F¦Ù¦×µÎ½w¾¯(muscle relaxant)¡A§ïÅܤFtonic vergence¡C«Ý³Â¾K°h¥h¡Atonic vergence¤S

«ì´_¹L¨Ó¡C

¤â³N¶q­n¨Ì¾Ú¿ôµÛªº®É­Ô¡A¦³tonic vergenceªº±¡ªp¤Uªº¨¤«×¥h­pºâ¡C§O³Q³Â¾K¤U«Ü¤£¤@¼Ëªº±×µø¨¤«×À~¨ì¤F¡C