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(2) ¥t¤@ºØ¥Ñ¨â²´ºô½¤¼v¹³ªº ¡¨¹B°Ê¦V¶q¡¨ ªº®t²§²£¥Íªº²`«×ı (binocular depth-from-motion, BDFM)¡A©ÎºÙ¤§¬°¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø (motion stereopsis)

(3) ¥ßÅé·PÀˬdÀ³¥Î©óÁ{§É´ú¸Õ©M¨àµ£ªºµø¤O¿zÀË

(4) ¦UºØ±×µø±¡ªp¤U¥ßÅé·PÀˬdªºÀ³¥Î

 

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¹Ï5-5 «¬Åé¥ßÅé¹Ï¡ATitmus

 

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ÁöµM¦³¤Hµû½×»¡¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªºÀô¹Ò¸Ì©Ò¬Ý¨ìªº¡A¤Ö¦³ÀH¾÷ÂI³o¼Ëªº´ºÆ[¡A¬°¤°»ò¨Ï¥ÎÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï¨Ó§@´ú¸Õ©O¡H¦ý¬O¦bÁ{§ÉªºÀ³¥Î¤W¡A³q¹LÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé·P´ú¸Õ¬O¤ñ¸û§xÃøªº¡CÁô¤º±×µø (esophoria)¡A¤p¨¤«×¤º±×µøªº¯f¤H¥i¯à¥i¥H³q¹LTitmus«¬Åé¥ßÅé¹Ïªº´ú¸Õ¡A«o¤£¥i¯à³q¹LTNOÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ïªº´ú¸Õ¡C¤]¦]¦¹¡A¾Çµ£µø¤O¿zÀË¡AÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï¦³§ó¦nªºÀË¥X²v¡C

 

²Ä5¸` ¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø (motion stereopsis)

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Âù²´ª`µøªÅ¶¡ªº¤@­ÓªF¦è¡A¥¦¦bªÅ¶¡¸Ì´ÂµÛ¤£¦Pªº¤è¦V¹B°Ê¡A¦b¨â²´ºô½¤¤W·|²£¥Í¤£¦Pªº¹B°Ê¦V¶qªº²Õ¦X (¹Ï5-7)¡CªF¦è¥ª¡B¥k¹B°Ê¡A¨â²´ºô½¤¤W¦³¦P¤è¦V¡B¦P¤j¤pªº¹B°Ê¦V¶q¡FªF¦è«e¡B«á¹B°Ê¡A¨â²´ºô½¤¤W«h¦³¤è¦V¬Û¤Ï¡B¤j¤p¬Û¦Pªº¹B°Ê¦V¶q (5-7¹Ï¥k)¡C¤Ï¹L¨ÓÁ¿¡A¥Ñ¨â²´ºô½¤¤Wªº¹B°Ê¦V¶qªº²Õ¦X¡A¬O¦³¨¬°÷ªº¸ê°T¥h­pºâ¥X³o­ÓªF¦è¦bªÅ¶¡¸Ìªº²`«× (depth)¤Wªº¹B°Ê¤è¦V¡C

 

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¹Ï5-7  ¨â²´ºô½¤¤W¦UºØ¹B°Ê¦V¶qªº²Õ¦X

 

ÀRºAªº¥ßÅéµø¬O¥Ñ¥ª¡B¥k²´¨â±i¥b¥ßÅé¹Ï¤§¶¡ªº ¡§¹³®t¡¨²£¥Íªº²`«×ı¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¨Ã¤£¥u¬O¹³®t¥ßÅéµøªº°ÊºAª©¥»¡A¦³ªº½×¤åºÙ¤§¬° ¡§°ÊºA¥ßÅéµø¡¨(dynamic stereopsis)¨Ã¤£«ê·í¡A¨S¦³´x´¤¨ì¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªº¥Í²z¾÷¨îªº­«ÂI¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¨â²´¤§¶¡¡§¹B°Êı¡¨ (motion perception)ªº®t²§²£¥Íªº²`«×ı¡C

 

¹B°Êı¬O¤@­Ó¥²¶·³æ¿W®³¥X¨Ó°Q½×ªº½ÒÃD(Nakayama K)¡C¡§¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¡¨(motion stereopsis)¤]¬O¥²»Ý¤ÀÂ÷©ó¡§¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¡¨ (disparity stereopsis)¤§¥~¡A³æ¿W°Q½×ªº¥­¦æ½ÒÃD¡C

 

Ãö©ó¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø©MÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø¡A¦bYoutube¤W¿é¤JÃöÁä¦r ¡§Motion Stereopsis¡¨©M¡§NTU RDS¡¨¡A¦³¤¤¤å©M­^¤å¦U10¤ÀÄÁªº¸Ñ»¡µøÀW¡C

 

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§Ú­Ì¦b±×®zµøªù¶E©Ò°µªº¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¡A¥i¥H²¤Æ¬°¤T­Ó¨BÆJ¡G

¨BÆJ1¡GNTU RDS 300¬í¨¤¡C¦pªG³q¹L´ú¸Õ¡A«h§P©w¬°¥¿±`ªº¥ßÅéµø¡C

(a) ¾Çµ£µø¤O¿zÀ˪º¤u§@¡A¤]¬O¥HNTU RDS 300¬í¨¤§@¬°³q¹L/¤£³q¹Lªº¼Ð·Ç¡C

(b) ¦pªG¤£³q¹L¡A¦A´ú¸Õ¡C

¨BÆJ2¡GNTU RDS 35¤À¨¤(=2100¬í¨¤)¡C¦pªG³q¹L³o¶µ´ú¸Õ¡A«h§P©w¬°¥ßÅéµø¸û®t(subnormal stereopsis)¡C

(a) §Ú­Ì»s§@NTU300¬í¨¤¥ßÅé¹Ïªº¹³®t¬O1­Ó¹q¸£¹³ÂI (pixel)¡A¦ÓNTU35¤À(=2100¬í¨¤)¥ßÅé¹Ïªº¹³®t¬O7­Ó¹³ÂI¡C¥¦¬O¼Ò¥éTNO¥ßÅé¹Ï¨º¤T±i¿zÀ˥Ϊº33¤À¨¤(1980¬í¨¤)¥ßÅé¹Ï»s§@¦Ó¨Óªº¡C

(b) ¡§Áô¤º±×µø¡¨©M¡¨¨â²´¤£µ¥µø¡¨¯f¤Hªº¥ßÅéµø±`¸¨©ó³o¤@Ãþ²Õ¡C¥L­Ìªº¥ßÅéµø¤£§¹¬ü¡A¦ý¬O¤]¤£¬O§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥ßÅéµø¡C§Ú­Ì³q±`¸ò®aªø¸ÑÄÀ¡A¯à°÷³q¹LÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬd¤w¸g¬O¬Û·í¤£¿ùªºÂù²´µø¥\¯à¤F¡C

(c) ¦pªG¤´µM¤£³q¹L¡A¦A´ú¸Õ

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(1) ¥xÆW¤j¾ÇÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø ¡§´ú¸Õµ{¦¡¡¨

http://www.eyedoctor.com.tw/Stereopsis

(2) ¥xÆW¤j¾Ç300¬í¨¤ÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø ¡§¿zÀ˵{¦¡¡¨

http://www.eyedoctor.com.tw/Stereopsis_Screening/

 

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(e) ÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø´ú¸Õ¥i¦³®Ä¿z¥XµL¯gª¬ªº¤p¨¤«×¤º±×µø©M¨â²´¤£µ¥µø¡C

 

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8.1¤º±×µø

¥ßÅé·Pªºµo¨|¤@¯ë»{¬°¬O¦b¦~¬ö¤T­Ó¤ë¨ì¤C¡B¤K­Ó¤ë¤§¶¡¡A¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µøªº©w¸q¬O¤º±×µøµo¥Í©ó¤»­Ó¤ë¤j¤§«e¡A©ó¬O¥ßÅé·P´X¥GµL±qµo¨|°_¨Ó¡C

 

¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø¸g¹L¤â³NªvÀø¡A¥ßÅé·P¬O§_¥i¯à«ì´_ªº¦Ê¦~½×¾Ô¨ÌµM¨S¦³µ²½×¡GWorth»{¬°¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø¬O»F¦]©ó¤j¸£¥ý¤Ñ¯Ê¥F¨â²´¿Ä¹³ (fusion)ªº¾÷¨î¡A©ó¬O¤Î¦­¤â³N¹ï«ì´_Âù²´µø¥\¯àªº®Ä¥Î«D±`¦³­­¡FChavasse«h»{¬°¬O¨â²´µø¶b°¾¦ì¯}Ãa¤F¥ßÅé·Pªºµo¨|¡A¦]¦¹¤Î¦­¤â³N«ì´_¨â²´ªº¥¿¦ì¡AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H«ì´_§¹¾ãªº¥ßÅé·P¡C

 

§ÚªºÁ{§É¸gÅç©Mvon Noorden¡BHelveston¡Kªº¬Û¦P¡A¶É¦V©ó«eªÌ¡A»{¬°¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø²´¦ìÁB¥¿«á¡A¥ßÅé·Pªº«ì´_¬Oµ´µL¶È¦³¡A¤×¨ä¬OÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø§ó¬OÃø¤W¥[Ãø¡FKenneth Wright¡AEileen Birth©MEarl Smith III«h¶É¦V©ó«áªÌ¡A¤£¹L¥L­Ì³N«á´ú¸Õ¥ßÅé·P©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¡A³£¤£¬OÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï¡C

 

8.1.1 ¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø

¹ï©ó¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø¡A¥Ø«e¤@¯ëªº¦@ÃѬO¨â·³¤§«e¤â³N¡A¾¨ºÞÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµøµLªk«ì´_¡A³æ²´ª`µø (monofixation)ªº©PÃä¿Ä¦X (peripheral fusion)©M¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø(motion stereopsis)¬O¥i¥H«ì´_ªº¡C

 

8.1.2 »·µø²´³y¦¨ªº¤º±×µø

»·µø²´³y¦¨ªº¤º±×µø¤@¯ë¦b¤@·³¡B¨â·³¤§¶¡µo¥Í¡A¥ßÅé·Pªº¾÷¨î¤w¸gµo¨|§¹¦¨¡AÀ¹²´Ãè©Î/©M¤â³NÁB¥¿²´¦ì¤§«á¡A¥ßÅé·P¬O¦³¥i¯à«ì´_ªº¡C³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¥ßÅé·Pªº«ì´_«h¬O³Q¥Î¨Ó·í§@¤â³N¦¨¥\¡B²´¦ì§¹¬üÁB¥¿ªº«ü¼Ð¡C

 

8.1.3 ¨ä¥L«á¤Ñµo¥Íªº¤º±×µø

¨ä¥L«á¤Ñµo¥Íªº¤º±×µø¡A¹³¬O¥~®i¯«¸g³Â·ôªºªvÀø¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¨ÓÀËÅç²´¦ì´_¦ì¬O§_§¹¥þ¦¨¥\¡C

 

¤p¨à¤º±×µø±`¦ñÀH¦³: (1)¤U±×¦Ù¤®¶i/¤W±×¦Ù¤£¨¬ (over-elevation / under-depression in adduction)¡B(2)¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø (dissociated vertical deviation, DVD) ¡B(3)Áô²´¾_ (latent nystagmus)¡A³o¨Ç³£¬O¥ßÅé·P¡BÂù²´µø¤£¨Îªº¼x­Ô¡A¤U±×¦Ù¤®¶iÁÙ¦n¡A¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø¦³¨Ç¤]¥i¥H³q¹LÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ïªº´ú¸Õ¡C¥u¦³Áô²´¾_¡A¥¦´X¥G¬O¦­µo©Ê¡B¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µøªº¦P¸q¦r¡A¥ßÅé·P«ì´_ªº¥i¯à©Ê¥i»¡¬O·L¥G¨ä·L¡C

 

8.2¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø

¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µøªº¥ßÅé·P³q±`«Ü¦n¡C³q¹L¥ßÅé·PÀˬdªí¥Ü¯f¤Hªº¤º»E¤O(convergence) ¨¬¥H±N²´¦ì§¹¥þ©Ô¦Ü¥¿²´¦ì¡C¦pªG¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¤£³q¹L¡A¦³´XºØ¥i¯à©Ê¡G

 

(1)                ¥ý¤Ñ©Ê¥~±×µø

¤j¸£¤¤¨Ã¨S¦³¥ßÅé·Pªº¾÷¨î¡A´N¦p¦P¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø¡A§Y«K¤â³NÁB¥¿¤F²´¦ì¡A¨ÌµMµLªk³q¹L¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¡C¤£¹L¥ý¤Ñ©Ê¥~±×µø¬O«D±`¨u¨£ªº¡C

 

(2)                ¥~±×µø¨¤«×¤Ó¤j

¥~±×µø¨¤«×¤Ó¤j¡A¤º»E¤OµLªk©Ô¨ì¥¿²´¦ì¡C¤â³NÁB¥¿²´¦ì«á¡A¥ßÅé·P±`±`¥ß¨è«ì´_¥¿±`¡C·íµM¦b¤â³N«e­n¦V¯f¤H¹w´ú³N«á¥ßÅé·P¬O§_¥i¥H«ì´_¡A´N­n¤p¤ß¤U­±ªº´XºØ±¡ªp¡G¦p¦P¤º±×µø«ùÄò¤[¤F¡AÂù²´ªø®É¶¡µLªk¿Ä¹³ (disruption of fusion)¡A²´²y·|µo¥Í¤º±Û©Î¥~±Û (sensory torsion)¡Aªí²{¥X¤U±×¦Ù¤®¶i/¤W±×¦Ù¤£¨¬ (IOOA/SOUA)©M¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø (DVD)¡A³o¨âªÌ³£¬OÂù²´µø¤£¨Îªº¼x­Ô¡C¤º±×µø±`¬O¤W±×¦Ù¤£¨¬¦h©ó¤U±×¦Ù¤®¶i¡A¦Ó¥~±×µø«h±`¬O¤U±×¦Ù¤®¶i¦h©ó¤W±×¦Ù¤£¨¬¡C

 

(3)                ¤ÀÂ÷©Ê¤ô¥­±×µø (dissociated horizontal deviation, DHD)

¤@¯ë»{¬°¤ÀÂ÷©Ê¤ô¥­±×µø¬O¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø (DVD)ªº¤@ºØ²§«¬©ÎÅÜÅé (variant)¡A¥ßÅé·P¤]¤@¼Ë¤ñ¸û®t¡C¦b¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø (DVD)¡A³Q¾B»\¦íªº¤@²´¡A³q±`°£¤F¦V¤WÄƲ¾¡A¤]¦³¦V¥~ÄƲ¾ªº¤ô¥­¦¨¤À¡C¦pªG¤ô¥­¦¨¤À·¥¦h¡A««ª½¦¨¤À·¥¤Ö¡A´N¦¨¤F¤ÀÂ÷©Ê¤ô¥­±×µø¡C¾B»\¥k²´¡A¥k²´¦V¥~ÄƲ¾¡A²¾¶}¾B»\¡A¥k²´«ì´_¥¿¦ì¡F¾B»\¥ª²´¡A¥ª²´¦V¥~ÄƲ¾¡A²¾¶}¾B»\¡A¥ª²´«ì´_¥¿¦ì¡A¹³·¥¤F¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø¡CŲ§O¶EÂ_ªº¤èªk¬O: (a)¨â²´¥~²¾ªº¨¤«×¤À§O´ú¶q¡A¨¤«×¥i¯à¤£¦P¡A(b)²¦¦¡²{¶H (Bielschowsky phenomenon)¡G¦bª`µø²´¤§«e©ñ¸m¦Ç¶¥´î¥ú¤ù(neutral density filter)¡A¦bº¥º¥ÅÜ·tªº¹Lµ{¸Ì¡A¾B»\µÛªº¡B¥~²¾ªº¥t¤@²´ªº¥~²¾¨¤«×·|º¥º¥Åܤp¡C

 

(4)                Ä~µo©Ê¥~±×µø (consecutive exotropia)

Ä~µo©Ê¥~±×µø¬O¤º±×µø¤â³N¹LÁB¡A©Î¤â³N«á¸g¹Lªø®É¶¡¡A²´¦ìº¥º¥¥~²¾¦Ó¦¨¬°¥~±×µø¡C¦pªG­ì¥»ªº¤º±×µøÄÝ©ó¥ßÅé·P¤£¨ÎªººØÃþ¡AÄ~µoªº¥~±×µøªº¥ßÅé·P¦ÛµM¤]¬O¤£¦n¡C

 

8.2.1 »·¶ZÂ÷¥ßÅé·P´ú¸Õ¤Î»·¡Bªñ¥Ù¬Þ²{¶H

¥ßÅé¹Ï¤j³£¦L¨ê©óï¤l¤W©ÎªÌ¦b¹q¸£¤W´ú¸Õ¡A¬Oªñ¶ZÂ÷ªº´ú¸Õ¡C«á¨Ó¦³¤H³]­p¤F¦UºØ»·¶ZÂ÷ªº¥ßÅé·P´ú¸Õ (distance stereopsis; Stathacopoulos RA) (¹Ï5-9 )¡Cµo²{¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø¯f¤Hªº»·¥ßÅé·P±`±`¤ñªñ¥ßÅé·P­n®t¡A¥L­ÌºÙ¤§¬°»·¡Bªñªº¥Ù¬Þ²{¶H(distance /near discrepancy)¡C§PŪ¥ßÅé¹Ïªº®É­Ô¡A¥~±×µø¯f¤Hªº¨â²´¤@©w¬O­n¤º»E¨ì¥¿¦ì¡A¬Ý»·¡B¬Ýªñ¨âºØ±¡¹Òªº®t²§¦b©ó¡§½ÕµJ¡¨ ©M¡§¤º»E¡¨ªº¤£¦P¡C¬Ý»·®É¥~±×µø¨¤«×¸û¤jªººÙ¤§¬°¹L«×µo´² (divergence excess) ©Î½ÕµJ©Ê¤º»E¹L±j (high AC/A)¡F¬Ýªñ®É¥~±×µø¨¤«×¸û¤jªººÙ¤§¬°¤º»E¤£¨¬ (convergence insufficiency) ©Î½ÕµJ©Ê¤º»E¹L®z (low AC/A)¡C¥L­Ì¸Õ¹ÏÂǥѻ·ªñ¥Ù¬Þ²{¶H³o¤@·sªº°Ñ¼Æ¥h§@¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø¯fµ{»PªvÀøªº¹w«á¡C

 

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¹Ï5-9 »·¶ZÂ÷ªº¥ßÅé·P´ú¸Õ(distance stereopsis)

 

¥_¨Ê®ü­xÁ`Âå°|ÃC¤Ö©úÂå®v»s§@¤F¦Pµø¾÷ (Troposcope, Synoptophor©ÎMajor amblyoscope) ¥ÎªºÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï´ú¸Õ¤ù (¹Ï5-10 )¡C´ú¸Õªº®É­Ô¡A¥ØÃè¦pªG¤£¥[¥Y³zÃè¡A¯f¤H¬Ý¹Ï»Ý­n½ÕµJ¡A·í§@¬Oªñ¶ZÂ÷ªº´ú¸Õ¡F¥ØÃè¦pªG¥[¤W¥Y³zÃè¡A¯f¤H¬Ý¹Ï¤£»Ý­n½ÕµJ¡A«h·í§@¬O»·¶ZÂ÷ªº´ú¸Õ¡C¥L¨Ï¥Î³oºØ³]¸m¡A¤]µo²{¨ì¶¡·²©Ê¥~±×µø¯f¤Hªº¥ßÅéµøªº»·¡Bªñ¥Ù¬Þ²{¶H¡C

 

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¹Ï5-10 ¦Pµø¾÷¥ÎªºÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï´ú¸Õ¤ù

 

¥L­Ì´úµø»·¥ßÅéµø©Mªñ¥ßÅéµø©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¤u¨ã¤£¤@¼Ë¡A©Ò±iªºµø¨¤¤]¤£¤@¼Ë¡C¤S©ÎªÌ¶È¥Î¬O§_¦³½ÕµJ¨Ó¼ÒÀÀ»·¡Bªñªº±¡¹Ò¡A¦Ó±o¨ì»·¡Bªñªº¥Ù¬Þ²{¶H¡C¦pªG¥H¹q¸£¿Ã¹õ´ú¸Õªñ¥ßÅé·P¡A¦A¨Ï¥Î¦P¼Ëªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¥H§ë¼v¾÷§ë®g¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¥h´ú¸Õ»·¥ßÅé·P(¹Ï5-11 )¡A³o¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A»·¡Bªñ´ú¸Õ©Ò±iªºµø¨¤§¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡A¦Ó¤]¯uªº¬O¦b»·¶ZÂ÷¡Bªñ¶ZÂ÷§@´ú¸Õ¡A³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¥i¯à´N¤£·|¦³©Ò¿×ªº»·¡Bªñ¥Ù¬Þ²{¶H¤F¡C

 

¹Ï5-11 §ë¼v¾÷§ë®g¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¥h´ú¸Õ»·¥ßÅé·P

 

8.3¤W±×¦Ù³Â·ô (Superior oblique palsy)

¤W±×¦Ù³Â·ô¦³¥ý¤Ñ©Ê¤W±×¦Ù³Â·ô©M«á¤Ñ©Ê¡A¥D­n¥Ñ¥~¶Ë³y¦¨ªº¤W±×¦Ù³Â·ô¡CŲ§O¶EÂ_¤§¤@¬O«eªÌ¥ßÅé·P¤£¨Î¦Ó«áªÌ¥ßÅé·P¥¿±`¡C¤â³Nªº¥Øªº¥D­n¦b©óÁB¥¿±×ÀV©M®ø°£½Æµø¡C¥ßÅé·Pªº¦³µL³q±`¨Ã¤£ª½±µ¼vÅT®zµøªºªvÀø©M¬O§_­n¶i¦æ¤â³Nªº¨Mµ¦¡C

 

8.4¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø(Dissociated vertical deviation, DVD)

±×µøÀˬd¦pªGµo²{¦³¤ÀÂ÷©Ê««ª½±×µø¡A¥ß§Yªº¦L¶H´N¬O¥ßÅé·P¥i¯à¤£¤Ó¦n¡C¦ý¬O¤]¦³¥ßÅé·P¥¿±`ªº¨Ò¤l¡C³oºØ¤£½T©w©Ê¥²»Ý¯uªº§@¤FÀˬd¤§«á¡A¤~¥i¥Hµ¹¯f¤HªºÂù²´µø¤@­Ó½T¤Áªº¶EÂ_©M¹w«á¡C

 

8.5 Duaneºî¦X¯g (Duane syndrome) ©MBrownºî¦X¯g (Brown syndrome)

³o¨Ç¯S®í±×µø³y¦¨ªº±×ÀV©ÎªÌ¤£¥¿±`ªºÀY¦ì±`±`¬O¬°¤FÁ׶}½Æµø©ÎªÌ¬°¤Fºû«ùÂù²´µø¦Ó²£¥Íªº¡CªvÀø©Î¤â³N«á¦pªG¥i¥H¦b¥¿ÀY¦ì¤§¤U¦³¦nªº¥ßÅé·P¡A¬O¤â³N¦¨¥\ªº¤@­Ó«Ü¦nªº«ü¼Ð¡C

 

8.6 ¥ý¤Ñ©Ê²´¾_ (Congenital Nystagmus)

¥ý¤Ñ©Ê²´¾_¡A¤]ºÙ§@¥®¨à«¬²´¾_ºî¦X¯g (Infantile nystagmus syndrome, INS)¡A¦pªG¨S¦³±×µø¡A¥ý¤Ñ©Ê²´¾_ªº¯f¤H±`±`·|¦³¥¿±`©ÎªÌµy®tªº¥ßÅé·P¡C³q±`¨S¦³¹³®t¥ßÅéµøªº¤H¡A¦³¥i¯à¥i¥H³q¹L¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬd¡C¦]¦¹¤@¯ëªº·§©À¤W¡A»{¬°¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¤ñ¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¸û¬°ªì¶¥©ÎªÌºt¤Æ¤W¤ñ¸û­ì©l(primitive)ªºÂù²´µø¡C

 

¥ý¤Ñ©Ê²´¾_«Ü¯S§O¡A¦³¨Ç¤H³q¹L¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¡A«o¥¼¥²¥i¥H³q¹L¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬd¡C¥L­Ìªº¹B°Êı¦³°ÝÃD¡A±`±`³æ²´´N¬Ý¤£¨ì¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøÀˬd¸Ì¥ª¥k²¾°ÊµÛªº¤è¶ô¡A¤]´N¦]¦¹¨S¦³¿ìªk¤ñ¸û¨â²´ªº¹B°Ê¦V¶q¡A¥h²£¥Í²`«×ı©ÎªÅ¶¡·P¡C

 

8.7Áô²´¾_ (Latent Nystagmus)

Áô²´¾_¤]ºÙ§@¿Ä¦Xµo¨|¤£¥þ²´¾_ºî¦X¯g (fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome, FMNS) ¡CÁô²´¾_©M²´¾_ªýº¢ºî¦X¯g (nystagmus blockage syndrome)´X¥G¬O¥ý¤Ñ©Ê±×µøªº¦P¸qÃã¡A¥i¥H«ì´_¥ßÅéµøªº¹w«á«D±`ªº®t¡C

 

Áô²´¾_·N«ä¬O¾B»\¤@²´¤§«á¤~¥X²{ªº²´¾_¡C¯S¼x¬O¾B»\¥k²´¡A¥ª²´ª`µø¡A²´¾_§Ö³t¬Û¬O´Â¥ª¡F¦Ó¾B»\¥ª²´¡A¥k²´ª`µø¡A²´¾_ªº§Ö³t¬Û«h´Â¥k¡C³o­Ó¯S¼x©M¥ý¤Ñ©Ê±×µø¯f¤H³æ²´µø°Ê²´¾_ (optokinetic nystagmus)ªº»ó¡Bù®°¼¤£¹ïºÙ¬O¦P¤@¥ó¨Æ±¡¡C¦pªG¬ö¿ý²´²y¹B°Ê¹Ï (oculogram)¡A²´¾_ªººC³t¬Ûªº±×²v¬O´î³tªº (decelerating)¡C

 

²´¾_ªýº¢ºî¦X¯g«h¬O»¡ª`µø²´´Â»ó°¼¬Ý¡A²´¾_ªº´T«×¸û¤p¡F´Âù®°¼¬Ý¡A²´¾_ªº´T«×¸û¤j¡C¦pªG¥k²´¬OÀu¶Õ²´¡Bª`µø²´¡A¯f¤H±`·|¥H¥kÂàÀY¦ì¦V¥ª¬Ý¡F¦pªG¥ª²´¬OÀu¶Õ²´¡Bª`µø²´¡A¯f¤H«h±`·|¥H¥ªÂàÀY¦ì¦V¥k¬Ý¡C¸ò¤@¯ë®aªøªº»{ª¾¡A¥H¬°¥ªÂàÀY¦ì¬O¥Î¥k²´¦b¬Ý¬O¬Û¤Ïªº¡C

 

¾B»\¤@²´»¤µoÁô²´¾_¬O¤@ºØ·Pı©Ê(sensory)ªº¾Þ§Ë¡F¦Ó¦b²´¾_ªýº¢ºî¦X¯g¡A¦V¥ª¬Ý¡B¦V¥k¬Ýªº±¡ªp¤U²´¾_ªº´T«×¤£¤@¼Ë¡A«h¬O¤@ºØ¹B°Ê©Ê(motor)ªº¾Þ§Ë¡A³o¬O¨â¥ó¤£¦Pªº¨Æ±¡¡CµM¦ÓÁ{§É¤W¡A¨âªÌ³£¬O¦ñÀH©ó¥ý¤Ñ©Ê±×µøªº¯S¼x¡A³£·t¥ÜµÛ¥ßÅéµø«ì´_ªº¤£¨}¹w«á¡C¦pªG¯f¤H½T¹ê¦³Áô²´¾_©Î/©M²´¾_ªýº¢ºî¦X¯g¡A«o©~µM³q±o¹LÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé·PªºÀˬd¡A³o¬O¥i¥H³q³ø¤åÄmªº·¥¨ä¨u¨£ªº¯f¨Ò¡C

 

 

«ØijŪª«¤Î°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

1. Wang AH, Binocular Depth-from-Motion (BDFM). Proceedings of the Jampolsky Festschrift, The  Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco; April 2000.

2. Wang AH, Binocular Depth-from-Motion (BDFM). presented at 18th Congress of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology, March 10-14, 2001, Taipei, Taiwan.

3. Nakayama K, Biological image motion processing: a review. Vis Res 1985;25(5):625-60.

4. Stathacopoulos RA, Rosenbaum AL, Zanoni D, Stager DR, McCall LC, Ziffer AJ, Everett M, Distance Stereoacuity, Assessing Control in Intermittent Exotropia. Ophthalmology 1993 100(4): 495-500.

 

 

ÂÔ¥H¥»¤åÄmµ¹

The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI)ªº¦Ñ®v­Ì

Dr. Arthur Jampolsky

Dr. Alan Scott

Dr. Anthony Norcia

Dr. Eric Sutter

Dr. Christopher Tyler

ªø°O±o1990-1991 ¦aÆF¤H³ÇªºÂª÷¤s ¤p¨à²´¬ìfellowshipªº¤@¦~

 

 

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