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ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk Retinoscopy

 

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ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk(retinoscopy©Îskiascopy)¡A¬O¹q¸£Åç¥ú(autorefraction)¤§¥~¡A¨Ï¥Î³Ì¦hªº«ÈÆ[Åç¥úªk¡A¥¦¦³³\¦h¹q¸£Åç¥ú©Ò¤£¯à¤ÎªºÀuÂI¡A¬O²´¬ìªù¶E±`³ÆªºÀˬd¤u¨ã¡C

 

 

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1.1 ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk

ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk (¹Ï3-1a)¡A­^¤å¬Oretinoscopy©Îskiascopy¡A¬O¹q¸£Åç¥ú(autorefraction)¤§¥~¡A¨Ï¥Î³Ì¦hªº«ÈÆ[Åç¥úªk¡A¥¦¦³³\¦h¹q¸£Åç¥ú©Ò¤£¯à¤ÎªºÀuÂI¡C²´¬ìªù¶E±`³ÆªºÀˬd¤u¨ã¡A¤@¤ä¬Oª½±µ²´©³Ãè¡A¥t¤@¤ä´N¬Oºô½¤Ãè (¹Ï3-1b)¡C

 

¹Ï3-1 aºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk bºô½¤Ãè

 

1.2 ±aª¬ºô½¤Ãè

±aª¬ºô½¤Ãè (streak retinoscope)ªº±aª¬¥ú¥Ñ¥k¦V¥ª²¾°Ê¡AÀû¤Õªº¤Ï¥ú¥i¯à¦P¦V¶¶°Ê(with-movement)¡A¤]¥i¯à¤Ï¦V°f°Ê (against-movement)¡A¦pªGÀû¤Õªº¤Ï¥ú©M±aª¬¥ú·½²¾°Êªº¤è¦VªuµÛ¤£¦Pªº¨«¦V¡Aªí¥Ü¬O¦³±×¦Vªº´²¥ú (¹Ï3-2)¡C

 

¹Ï3-2 ¶¶°Ê¡B°f°Ê©M±×¦V¹B°Êªº¤Ï¥ú

 

¯f¤Hªº»·ÂI¡A¥ç§Y¸g¹L²´²yªº¥ú¾Ç¨t²Î¡Aµøºô½¤¦bªÅ¶¡ªº¦@³mÂI (conjugate point)¡A¦pªG¦bÀˬdªÌ¤§«á¡A¬Ý¨ìªº¬O¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡F¦Ó¤ñ¸ûªñµøªº¤H¡A»·ÂI¸¨¦b¯f¤H©MÀˬdªÌ¤§¶¡¡A«h¬O°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡C³v¨B¥[¤J¸ÕÃè¤ù©ó¯f¤H²´«e¡A±N»·ÂI±À²¾¦ÜÀˬdªÌ¨¤½¤ªº¦ì¸m®É¡A¬Ý¨ìªº¬O¤@¤j¤ù¤Ï¥ú¥Rº¡Àû¤Õ¡A³o¬O¤¤©MÂI (neutral point)¡A³o®É¥Ñ©Ò¥[¸ÕÃè¤ùªº«×¼Æ¡A¥i¥H­pºâ¡B§PŪ¥X¯f¤Hªº©}¥ú«×¼Æ (¹Ï3-3)¡C©M¯f¤Hªº¶ZÂ÷¤]«Ü­«­n¡A¥ª¹Ï©M¯f¤H¶ZÂ÷50cm¡A¥H¸ÕÃè-3D±o¨ì¤¤©MÂI¡A·N§YÀ¹¤F-3Dªº²´Ã褧«á¡A»·ÂI¸¨¦b¯f¤H¤§«e50cm¡A¤]´N¬OÁÙ¦³-2Dªºªñµø¡A©ó¬O³o²´ªº©}¥ú­È¬O-5D (-3D + -2D)¡F¦pªG´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷¤ñ¸ûªø¡A¦p¥k¹Ï¦b67cm¡A·N«ä¬OÀ¹¤F-3Dªº²´Ã褧«á¡A»·ÂI¸¨¦b¯f¤H¤§«e67cm¡A¤]´N¬OÁÙ¦³-1.5Dªºªñµø¡A©ó¬O³o²´ªº©}¥ú¬O-4.5D (-3D + -1.5D)¡C

 

¹Ï3-3 ¦b¤¤©MÂI¡A¥Ñ(1)¸ÕÃè¤ùªº«×¼Æ©M(2)´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷§PŪ¥X¯f¤Hªº©}¥ú«×¼Æ

 

¹J¨ì±×¦V´²¥ú¡A¤@¶}©l¬Ý¨ìªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªº¤è¦V¨Ã¤£¬O´²¥úªº¨¤«×¡C­nÂà°Êºô½¤Ãè±aª¬¥ú·½ªº¤è¦V¡A½Õ¾ã¨ì©MÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªº¤è¦V¤@­P¡A³o®É­Ô±aª¬¥ú·½©MÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªº¤è¦V¤~¬O´²¥úªº¨¤«×¡C¯f¤Hªº©}¥ú«×¼Æ¬O­nŪ¥X (1)³o­Ó¨¤«×©M (2)««ª½©ó³o­Ó¨¤«×¨â­Ó¤è¦Vªº©}¥ú­È (¹Ï3-4)¡C

 

 

¹Ï3-4 ±×¦V´²¥ú¡A(1)§PŪ¨â­Ó¤è¦Vªº©}¥ú­È¤Î(2)¯f¾ú°O¿ý¡C

 

ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk§xÃø¤§³B¡A¬O¦b¤¤©MÂI©Ò¨£ªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¬O¤@¤j¤ùªº¤Ï¥ú¥Rº¡¾ã­ÓÀû¤Õ¡A¦Ó¦b¤¤©MÂI«e¡B«á0.5DªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¬Ý°_¨Ó¤]®t¤£¦h¡A¤]¬O¤@¤j¤ù¤Ï¥ú¡C©ó¬O¥¦¨Ã¤£¹³¬O¤@­Ó¤¤©M ¡¨ÂI¡¨¡A¦Ó¹³¬O¤@­Ó¤¤©M ¡¨°Ï¡¨ (neutral zone)¡C

 

ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk©Ò¨£ªº¤Ï¥ú¦n¤ñ¬O¤@¯ë¥Y³zÃ誺¥ú¾Ç¡C¥Y³zÃè¾aªñ¯È±i¨Ó¬Ý¬O©ñ¤jÃè¡A¬Ý¨ìªº¬O¥¿¥ßªºµê¹³¡F¥Y³zÃ讳°_¨Ó¡A³z¹L¥Y³zÃè¬Ý»·¤è¡A«h¬OÁY¤pªº­Ë¥ß¹ê¹³¡C¤¤©MÂI´N¦n¤ñ«e«á²¾°Ê¥Y³zÃè¡A¥h§ä¥X¥¿¹³Åܦ¨­Ë¹³ªº¨º¤@­ÓÂI¡C¦b³o­Ó¤¤©MÂI¡A¥Y³zÃ褤©Ò¨£ªº¬O¡¨¤@­ÓÂI¡¨ªº¼v¹³µL½a©ñ¤j¡B¥Rº¡¾ã­Ó¥Y³zÃè¡A©ÎªÌ»¡¬OµL½a¤jªº¾î¦V©ñ¤j²v(transverse magnification)¡C¦b50cmªº´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷¡A-2D¬O¤¤©MÂI¡A¦Ó¥i¥H¤À¿ë¥X¬O¶¶°Êªº¤Ï¥ú¡B¤Ï¥ú·¥¼e¡B´X¥G§Ö¬Ý¤£¨ì¬O±aª¬¤Ï¥úªº¡A«h¬O-1.25D (¹Ï3-5)¡C-1.5D¡B-1.75D¡B-2DªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú³£¬O¤@¤j¤ù¥ú¼v¡A¤£®e©ö¤À¿ë¡C§Ú«Øij¥H-1.25D§@¬°ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk§PŪªº¨Ì¾Ú¡A·|¤ñ-2D­n¦n¥Î¡C

 

¹Ï3-5¥Ñ¥¿µø²´¦Ü-1.25Dªº¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥úªº¼e«×

 

±aª¬ºô½¤Ã誺±aª¬¥ú·½¬O¿Oªwªº¿Oµ·¸g¹L¤@¤ù¥Y³zÃ誺¦¨¹³ (¹Ï3-6)¡A¥Y³zÃè¬O¥ú¾Ç¨t²Îªº¥ú°é(aperture)¡A­­¨î¤F±aª¬¥ú·½ªº¼e«×¡Cºô½¤Ãè¤W¦³¤@­Ó±Àµ©/±À±ì¡A¤W¤U²¾°Ê·|§ïÅÜ¿Oªw©M¥Y³zÃ趡ªº¶ZÂ÷¡A¦P®É¤]§ïÅÜ¥ú·½ªºµo´²«× (vergence)¡C

 

¹Ï3-6 ±aª¬ºô½¤Ã誺±aª¬¥ú·½¬O¿Oªwªº¿Oµ·¸g¹L¤@¤ù¥Y³zÃ誺¦¨¹³¡C

¥ú·½¥i¥H±À±ì§ïÅܬ°µo´²(divergent)¥ú©Î»E¦X(convergent)¥ú¡C

 

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2.1 ¥®¨àªººô½¤ÃèÀ˼v

ÁöµM¥Ø«eªº¹q¸£Åç¥ú¾÷¤w¸g«D±`·Ç½T¡A¦ý¬O¨â·³¥H¤Uªº¥®¨à³q±`¨S¦³¿ìªk¦n¦n´N¦ì¡A¨S¦³¿ìªkª`µøµø¼Ð¡A§Y«K¬O¤â«ù¦¡ªºÅç¥ú¾÷¡A¹³Retinomax¡A¨Ì¦³«Ü¤jªº§xÃø¡C³o®É­Ôºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¦¨¤F´ú¶q©}¥úªº°ß¤@¤èªk (¹Ï3-7)¡C¹ï©ó¤@¨Ç¨­¤ß»Ùê¡A¤×¨ä¬O´¼»Ùªº¤j«Ä¤l¡A¤]¬O±o¾aºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¥h±o¨ì¥L­Ìªº©}¥úª¬ºA¡C

 

¹Ï3-7 ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¬O´ú¶q¥®¨à©}¥úªº°ß¤@¤èªk

 

2.1.1 ­«Å|Åç¥ú°tÃè (Overrefraction)

ÁaµM¤w¸g¦³¤F´²Àû«áªº©}¥ú­È¡A¦ý¬O¤pªB¤Í¦b¨S´²Àûªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¦³¦h¤Ö¸g±`©Êªº½Õ

µJ©O¡H°tÃ誺®É­Ô¡A±`±`·|­pµe¨â²´»·µø³£§@¤Ö¶qªº¤íÁB¡F¦³®É·|±N¤@²´Ãú¤Æ¾B½ª(optical penalization)¥HªvÀø®zµø¡K¡CÅç¥ú°tÃ誺³Ì«á¤@¨B¡AÁÙ¬O±o¦b³Ì¦ÛµMªºª¬ªp¤U¡A¤pªB¤ÍÀ¹¤W¸ÕÃè¡Bª`µø»·¤è¡A¥Hºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk­«Å|Åç¥ú¡A´ú¶q²´·ú¡B²´ÃèÅ|¥[¦b¤@°_ªº«×¼Æ¡A½T»{µL»~¤§«á¡A²´Ãè³B¤è¤~¼g±o¤ß¦w²z±o (¹Ï3-8)¡C

 

¹Ï3-8 ­«Å|Åç¥ú°tÃè

 

2.1.2 ¤ô¦X´âîÇ (Chloral Hydrate)ÂíÀR¤UªºÅç¥ú

¦³¨Ç¥®¨à¶i¨ì¶E¶¡ÀH§Y¤j­ú¤j¾x¡C¨Ò¦p¤pªB¤Í¤º±×µø¡Aªì¨Bºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vµo²{¬O°ª«×

»·µø¡A¥²»Ý­n°tÃè¡A¦ý¬O«oµLªkÀˬd¨ì·Ç½Tªº«×¼Æ¡A³o®É­Ô´N»Ý­n¥H¤ô¦X´âîÇÂíÀR«á¤~¯àÅç¥ú°tÃè (¹Ï3-9)¡C¥®¨à©Î¤£¦X§@ªº¤pªB¤Íªº°ª«×´²¥ú¡B¨â²´¤£µ¥µø¡B°ª«×ªñµø¡KºØºØ±¡ªp¡A¬°¤FªvÀø®zµø¦Ó¥²»Ý°tÃ誺®É­Ô¡A±`±`±o¥X¦¹¤Uµ¦¡C

 

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2.1.3 ­«Å|Åç¥úµo²{»·µø²´Ãè¤íÁB

¤pªB¤Íªº½ÕµJ¤O±j¡A¹q¸£Åç¥úµ²ªG±`±`±o¨ì¹L¦hªºªñµø©ÎªÌ¤£¨¬ªº»·µø¡A§Y«K´²Àû«á¤]¸g±`¦p¦¹¡C±`µo¥Íªº±¡´º¬O¡A»·µø²´ªº¤pªB¤Í¨Ó¶E¡AÀ¹µÛ²´Ãè­«Å|Åç¥ú¡Aµo²{¤´¦³+2D¨ì+3Dªº»·µø¡A²´Ãè¤íÁB¹L¦h¡C¦b°÷¤jªº¶E¶¡¡Aª`µø°÷»·ªº¥Ø¼Ðª«¡Aºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¬OÀËÅç¹q¸£Åç¥úªº®É­Ô¤pªB¤Í¹L«×½ÕµJªº¤@­Ó²³æªº¤£¤Gªkªù (¹Ï3-10)¡C

 

¹Ï3-10 ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkÀËÅç¤p¨à¹q¸£Åç¥ú®Éªº¹L«×½ÕµJ

 

2.2 ¾Çµ£ªººô½¤ÃèÀ˼v

2.2.1 ­«Å|Åç¥úµo²{ªñµø²´¥[²`

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¥HŪ¥X«×¼Æ¡C¾Çµ£ªñµø³vº¥¥[²`¡A³z¹L²´Ãè§@­«Å|Åç¥ú¡A¥ß¨è¥i¥H§i¶D®aªøªñµø¥[²`¤F¦h¤Ö«×¡C³q±`¥[²`1D¥ª¥k«K·|­«·s°t»s«×¼Æ¨¬°÷ªº·s²´Ãè¡C¦A¦^¶E®É¡A¤S¥i¥H¶È¥ÑÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªº¼e«×¡A§i¶D®aªøªñµø¥[²`¤F¦h¤Ö¡C

 

2.2.2 ·L½Õ´²¥úªº«×¼Æ¤Î¨¤«×

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Å|Åç¥ú¨Ó§@·L½Õ (¹Ï3-11)¡C­«Å|Åç¥ú©Ò¨£¡A¥k²´¶¶³W´²¥ú¤£¨¬0.5D¡A¨¤«×À³µy¬°°f®ÉÄÁ±ÛÂà¡F¥ª²´»·µø¤íÁB0.5D¡C¥Ñ²´Ãè¥[¤W­«Å|Åç¥úªºµ²ªG¡A·s²´Ã誺«×¼Æ´N¤w¸g¤j­P´Nºü¡C

 

¹Ï3-11 ³z¹L­«Å|Åç¥ú·L½Õ´²¥úªº«×¼Æ¤Î¨¤«×

 

2.3 ¦¨¤Hªººô½¤ÃèÀ˼v

2.3.1 ­«Å|Åç¥úµo²{ªñµø²´¹LÁB

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³o¬O»á±`µo¥Íªº¨Æ±¡¡C¹q¸£Åç¥ú¤£¤@©w¥i¥Hµo²{°ÝÃD¡A¯f¤Hª`µø»·¤èµø¼Ð¡AÀ¹µÛ²´Ãè§@­«Å|Åç¥ú¬Oµo²{°ÝÃD³Ì²³æ¤Sºë½Tªº¤èªk (¹Ï3-12)¡C

 

¹Ï3-12­«Å|Åç¥úµo²{ªñµø²´Ãè¹LÁB

 

2.3.2 ³q±`¤£¥²§@·ûª¬¦Ù³Â·ôÀˬd

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3.1 »{ÃÑÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªº²Ä¤@¨B

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¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ßºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¡A­nÅý¥L­Ìª¾¹DÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¤j·§ªº¼Ë¤l¡A³Ì²³æªº¤èªk¬O¥Î§t+10Dªº¨º¤@¤äÀ˼v´Î (retinoscopic rack)¡A±N¥¦©T©w¦b¤@±i¯È«Ì¹õ¤§«e¤j¬ù10¤½¤Àªº¦a¤è (¹Ï3-15)¡C¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¸Ì¡A+12D(¬õ¦r)¨º¤@®æ©Ò¨£¬O¥¿µø²´ªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¡A©ó¬O+11D¨º®æ©Ò¨£«K¬O+1D»·µø²´ªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¡A+13D¨º®æ©Ò¨£«K¬O-1Dªñµø²´ªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¡A+14D¨º®æ©Ò¨£«K¬O-2Dªñµø²´ªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú.¡K¡C

 

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3.2 ¥H¼ÒÀÀ²´ (model eye)½m²ßºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk

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(1) ²Ä¤@¨B¡G²yÃè½m²ß

(a) ±N¼ÒÀÀ²´³]¸m¬°¥¿µø²´ (emmetropia)¡C

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¹Ï3-16 ®Õ·Ç¼ÒÀÀ²´

 

(b) Ãè½c¨ú¥X²yÃè -1D¦Ü-6D¡A+1D¦Ü+6D (³Ì¦n¬O²Óª÷ÄÝÃä®Øªº¸Õ¤ù)¡A¶¡¹j1D¡A¦@12¤ù¡C

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(d) ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkŪ¨ú©}¥ú­È¡C

(e) ¬Ýµ²ªG¡A¨Ò¦p¨â­ÓÃè¤ù¬O-3D©M-6D¡Aºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vÀ³¸ÓŪ¥X+9Dªº©}¥ú­È¡C

(f) ³o12¤ù¸Õ¤ù¥i¥H²Õ¦X¥X-11D¦Ü+11D¡A¶¡¹j¬°1Dªº23ºØ©}¥ú­È¡C

(g) ¶¡¹j1Dªº½m²ß·Ç½T«×¹F¨ì¹s¥¢»~¤§«á¡A½m²ß«×¼Æªº¶¡¹j­°§C¬°0.5D¡C

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(i) ÀH¾÷¥ô·N¿ï¨ú¤G¤ù¸Õ¤ù¸m©ó¼ÒÀÀ²´ªºÃè¼Ñ¡C

(j) ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkŪ¨ú©}¥ú­È¡C

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(l) ³o22¤ù¸Õ¤ù¥i¥H²Õ¦X¥X-11.5D¦Ü+11.5D¡A¶¡¹j¬°0.5Dªº47ºØ©}¥ú­È¡C

(m) ¦p¦¹¥i¥H±Nºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº·Ç½T«×ºë¶i¨ì0.5D¡C

 

(2) ²Ä¤G¨B¡G¬WÃè(´²¥ú)½m²ß

(a) ¨â¤ù¬WÃèÅ|¥[¤@°_¡A²£¥Í¦³²yÃè¤]¦³¬WÃ覨¤Àªº¥ú¾Çµ²ªG¡A¥¦¤£¬O²³æªººâ³N¬Û¥[¡A¤]¤£¬O¦V¶qªº¥[ªk¡A¼Æ¾Ç¤W¥¦¬O¾ò¶ê¡B©ßª«½u¡BÂù¦±½u¨º¼Ëªº¤G¦¸«¬ªº­pºâ¡A¤@¯ë¤H¬O¨Sªk¥Ñ¤ßºâ»´©ö±o¨ìµ²ªGªº (¹Ï3-17)¡C

 

(b) §Ú­ÌÂǥγo¤@©Ê½è¡A¼g¤F¤@­Ó¹q¸£½m²ßµ{¦¡¡A¥Ñ+1D¦Ü+6D¡A©M-1D¦Ü-6D¡A¦@12¤ù¬WÃ褤ÀH·N¿ï¨ú¨â¤ù¡A¸m©ó¼ÒÀÀ²´ªºÃè¼Ñ¤W(¹Ï3-18)¡A½m²ßªÌ§@ºô½¤ÃèÀË¡B¼g¤U©}¥ú­È¡A¤§«á«ö¹q¸£¥ô¤@ÁäÅã¥Üµª®×¡A®Ö¹ïºô½¤ÃèÀ˪ºµ²ªG¡C¾Þ§@¹Lµ{¤¤¨S¦³¥ô¦óªº½u¯Á·t¥Ü¡A¬O¤@ºØÄÇ´I½ì¨ýªº¡BÂùª¼ªº½m²ß¤è¦¡¡C

 

¹Ï3-17 ¨â¤ù¬WÃèÅ|¥[¤@°_¡A²£¥Í¦³²yÃè¤]¦³¬WÃ覨¤Àªº¥ú¾Çµ²ªG

 

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3.3 Á{§É½m²ß

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4.1 ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº·sÆ[¹î

4.1.1 Æ[¹î(1)

¤@¯ë±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤W©Òµeªº¥Ü·N¹Ï¤ñ¨Ò¤£¹ï (¹Ï3-19)¡C

¨¤½¤ª½®|¬ù¬°12mm¡A±aª¬ºô½¤Ã襭¦æ (parallel)¥ú·½ªº¼e«×¬ù¬°10mm¡A¤£À³¸Ó¹³¹Ï¥Üªº¨º»ò²Ó¡A¦pªG¬Oµo´² (divergent)¥ú·½¡A¦bÁy¤Wªº±aª¬¥úªº¼e«×À³¸Ó§ó¼e¡C

 

¹Ï3-19 ¤@¯ë±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤W©Òµeªººô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¥Ü·N¹Ïªº¤ñ¨Ò¤£¹ï

 

§Ú­Ì¨Ì¾Ú´X¦ó¥ú¾Ç¡A¦b­Ó¤H¹q¸£¤W¼g¤F¤@­Óºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº°ÊºA¼ÒÀÀµ{¦¡¡A¥iÅܰʪº°Ñ¼Æ¦³(1)´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷¡A(2)Àû¤Õª½®|¡A(3)¥ú·½µo´²«×(vergence)©M(4)¯f¤Hªº©}¥ú«× (¹Ï3-20)¡C

 

¹Ï3-20ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº¹q¸£°ÊºA¼ÒÀÀµ{¦¡

 

±aª¬¥ú·½ªº¼e«×©M¨¤½¤ª½®|¡BÀû¤Õª½®|ªº¤ñ¨Ò¬O¨Ì¾Ú¯u¹ê¤Ø¤o¥h´yøªº (¹Ï3-21)¡C¥ª¹Ï¬O¥­¦æ¥ú·½¡A¥k¹Ï¬Oµo´²¥ú·½©M¨¤½¤¤j¤pªº¹ê»Ú¤ñ¨Ò¡C

 

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4.1.2 Æ[¹î(2)

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¥ý¬Ý¹q¸£¼ÒÀÀ¹Ïªº¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡C¥­¦æ¥ú·½¡A50cmªº´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷¡A-0.75D¬O¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú (¹Ï3-23)¡C¥Ñ¥ª¦Ó¥k¡B·Q¹³¦¨°ÊºAªºª¬ªp¡A±aª¬¥ú·½¥ÑÀû¤Õ¥ªÃä²¾¤J¡AÀû¤Õ¥ª½t¥ý«G¡A¤Ï¥ú¤]¦P¦V¦a¦V¥k²¾°Ê¡A±aª¬¥ú·½²¾¦ÜÀû¤Õ¤¤½u®É¡AÀû¤Õ¸Ì¬O¤@±ø±aª¬ªº¤Ï¥ú¡C¥ú·½Ä~Äò¦V¥k²¾°Ê¡A¤Ï¥ú¤]¦V¥k²¾°Ê¡A³vº¥±qÀû¤Õ¥k½t²¾¥XÀû¤Õ¡C

 

¹Ï3-22 ¤@¯ë±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤W´yøªº¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú©M°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú³£¬O»á²Óªº¡¨±aª¬¡¨¤Ï¥ú

 

¹Ï3-23 ¥­¦æ¥ú·½¡B50cm´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷¡B-0.75D¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥úªº¹q¸£¼ÒÀÀ¹Ï

 

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¹Ï3-24 ¥­¦æ¥ú·½¡B50cm´ú¸Õ¶ZÂ÷¡B-2.75D°f°Ê¤Ï¥úªº¹q¸£¼ÒÀÀ¹Ï

 

°ÊºAªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¦n¹³¬Ý¨ì¤@±ø¡¨¤ñÀû¤Õ§ó¼eªº±aª¬¤Ï¥ú¡¨¥Ñ¥k¦V¥ª²¾°Ê¡A¥ÑÀû¤Õ¥k½t²¾¶iÀû¤Õ¡A¤§«á¥ÑÀû¤Õ¥ª½t²¾¥XÀû¤Õ¡CµM¦Ó¦b¥ô¦ó¤@Àþ¶¡¡A§A³»¦h¥u¬Ý¨ì¤Ï¥úªº¥ª½t©Î¥k½t¡Aµ´¨S¦³¦P®É¬Ý¨ì¤Ï¥úªº¨â­ÓÃä½t¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¨Ã¨S¦³¦bÀû¤Õ¸Ì¨£¨ì¯u¥¿ªº¡¨±aª¬¡¨¤Ï¥ú¡C

 

AAO BCSC Clinical Optics¤@®Ñ¸Ìªººô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¡A¤§«eÀû¤Õªº°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¤]¬O´yø¦¨¡¨±aª¬¡¨ªº¤Ï¥ú¡A2014-2015ªº·sª©¥»¸Ì¡AChapter 3 Clinical Refraction P.95¡A¤w¸g§ó¥¿¬°Àû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¥u¯à¬Ý¨£³æ¤@¤Ï¥úÃä½tªº¹Ï¼Ë¤F(¹Ï3-25)¡C

 

¹Ï3-25 AAO±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤WÀû¤Õªº°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¤w¸g§ó¥¿¬°¥u¯à¬Ý¨£³æ¤@ªº¤Ï¥úÃä½t

 

4.2 ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº·sµo²{

 

µø¥ú¾Ç±Ð¬ì®Ñ¸Ìºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº¥ú¾Ç­ì²z³£¼g¨ì¡¨¯f¤Hªº»·ÂI¸¨¦b¯f¤H©MÀˬdªÌ¤§¶¡®É¡AÀû¤Õ©Ò¨£¬O°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨¡C¦b§C«×ªñµø¡A¨Ò¦p-2.75D¡AªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú½T¹ê¬O¦p¦¹¡C¦ý¬O±q¹q¸£¼ÒÀÀ¹Ï¥h¬Ý§ó°ª«×ªºªñµøªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¡Aµo²{¨Æ¹ê¨Ã¤£³o»ò²³æ¡A¨Ã¤£³£¬O°f°Êªº¤Ï¥ú¡C

 

4.2.1 µo²{(1)

¤¤«×ªñµøªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¬O¡¨Ãþ°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨ (apparent against-movement)

 

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4.2.2 µo²{(2)

°ª«×ªñµøªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¬O¡§Ãþ¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨ (apparent with-movement)

 

¹Ï¥Üªñµø - 6.75D¡A±aª¬¥ú·½¥ÑÀû¤Õ¥ª½t²¾¤J¡A¬OÀû¤Õ¸ÌÃä¡B°¾¥ªªº¤@­Ó¦a¤è¥ý«G°_¨Ó¡C¥ú·½²¾¤JÀû¤Õ¡A¤Ï¥úÅܼe¡A«Ü§Ö´NIJ¸I¨ìÀû¤Õªº¥ª½t¡C¤§«áÀû¤Õ¸Ì¥u¯à§Ü¬Ý¨ì¤Ï¥úªº¥k½t¦V¥k²¾°Ê¡A¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¹³¬O¶¶°Êªº¤Ï¥ú¡A§Ú­ÌºÙ¤§¬°¡¨Ãþ¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨¡C (¹Ï3-27)

 

¹Ï3-27°ª«×ªñµøªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¬O¡§Ãþ¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨

 

¥Ñ¤¤«×ªñµøº¥º¥¥[²`¨ì°ª«×ªñµø¡A¥ÑÃþ°f°Ê¤Ï¥úº¥º¥Åܦ¨Ãþ¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥úªº¹Lµ{¸Ì¡A¤j¬ù¦b - 4.5D¥ª¥k¡A·í¥ú·½¥ÑÀû¤ÕÃä½t¶i¤JÀû¤Õªº®É­Ô¡AÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú¬O¥ÑÀû¤Õ¥¿¤¤¥¡ªº¦a¤è²v¥ý«G°_¨Ó¡I

 

4.3 ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº·sÆ[©À

 

¥Ñ¥H¤Wªºµo²{§Ú­Ìª¾¹D¡A¦b§@ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº®É­Ô¡A²Ä¤@²´¬Ý¨ì·tªº¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡A¤£­n¥ß¨è»{¬°³o¬O°ª«×»·µø¡A¥¦¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O°ª«×ªñµøªºÃþ¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡C·íµM³o°ÝÃD«Ü®e©ö¸Ñ¨M¡A§A¥u­n¥[¤W­Ó­tÃè (~-4D)©Î¥¿Ãè (~+4D)§@­«Å|Åç¥ú¡A¥ß¨è¥i¥H¤À¿ë¥X¨Ó¯f¤H¨ì©³¬O°ª«×»·µø²´©ÎªÌ¬O°ª«×ªñµø²´¡C

 

·íµM¡A§Ú­Ìªº³o­Ó·sµo²{¨Ã¤£¼vÅT­ì¥»ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº¤¤©MÂI (neutral point)ªº§PŪ¡C

¦pªG¥H¤º»E¥ú·½§@ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼v¡AÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªº¶¶°Ê¡B°f°Ê©M¨Ï¥Îµo´²/¥­¦æ¥ú·½ªºÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥ú³£¬Û¤Ï¡C¥Î¤º»E¥ú·½§@ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ìªº·sÆ[¹î¡B·sµo²{¤S§e²{«ç¼Ëªº­±»ª©O¡H(1)¤º»E¥ú·½ªº°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¦P¼Ë¤£·|¥X²{ ¡¨±aª¬¡¨ªº¤Ï¥ú¡F(2) ¡¨»·µø²´¡¨³vº¥¥[²`ªº®É­Ô¡AÀû¤Õ¤Ï¥úªºÅܤơA¤]¬O¥Ñ°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú³vº¥Åܦ¨ ¡¨Ãþ°f°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨¡A¦A³vº¥Åܦ¨ ¡¨Ãþ¶¶°Ê¤Ï¥ú¡¨¡C

 

 

 [«á°O:·P·Q] ¤£ª¾¹D¬O¤°»ò¼Ëªº¦]¯À¡A·Q­n¾Ç²ß¡B·Q¥h¼ô±x¥H¤Î·|¥h¾Þ½mºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªkªº²´¬ìÂå®v©MÅç¥ú®v«D±`¤§¤Ö¡C¤å¨}«ÛÂå®v§i¶D§Ú¡A¥L¥H«e´¿¸g°Ñ¥[¹Lºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk¯ª®v·ÝJack Copelandªº±aª¬ºô½¤ÃèÀ˼vªk (streak retinoscopy) ªº¬ã²ßÀç¡C§Ú«Øij²´¬ì¾Ç·|¿ì­Ó¬ã²ßÀç¡AWet Lab or Dry Lab¡A·Ç³Æ20²Õºô½¤Ãè¡B¼Ò«¬²´©MÃè¤ù²Õ¡A©w´ÁÁ|¿ì¬ã²ß¡A´°«P¤j®a¥h¾Ç²ß³o­Ó«D±`¦³¥Î¡A«o¤w¸g®õ¥b¥¢¶ÇªºÁ{§É¤u¨ã¡C

 

 

«ØijŪª«¤Î°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

1. Wang AH. Self-assessment of retinoscopy and other objective refraction. Presented at 18th Congress of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology, March 10-14, 2001, Taipei, Taiwan

 

 

ÂÔ¥H¥»¤åÄmµ¹

The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI)ªº¦Ñ®v­Ì

Dr. Arthur Jampolsky

Dr. Alan Scott

Dr. Anthony Norcia

Dr. Eric Sutter

Dr. Christopher Tyler

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