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Multifocal ERG/VEP M-sequence
(Maximal sequence)
¤ýħ«J
§Ú1990®L¨ì1991®L¦bª÷¤sThe
Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI)¶iפp¨à²´¬ì¤Î±×µø(Fellowship of Pediatric Ophthalmology
and Strabismus)ªº¤@¦~¸Ì¡A¦³©¯±µÄ²¨ì¨â®M¹q¥Í²zªº³]p¡A¨ä¤@¬ODr.
Erich Sutterªº¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ï(Multifocal
ERG)¡A¨ä¤G¬ODr.
Anthony Norcia©MDr.
Christopher Tylerªº±½±°µø»¤µo¹q¦ì(Sweep
VEP)¡C¥Ø«e°ê»ÚÁ{§Éµøı¹q¥Í²z¾Ç·|(International
Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, ISCEV)¤w¸g¦³¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ïªº¼Ð·Ç(https://iscev.wildapricot.org/standards)¡A±½±°µø»¤µo¹q¦ìªº¼Ð·ÇÁÙ¨S¦³¦C¤J¡C°£¤FÁ{§É¨Ï¥Î¤§¥~¡A³o¨â¶µ¤u¨ã¤]¬Oµøıªº°ò¦¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨sªº§Q¾¹¡C
¥H¹Ï¹³»¤µoºô½¤©M¤j¸£µø¥Ö½èªº¹q¦ì¤ÏÀ³¥s°µ¹Ï¹³ºô½¤¹q¹Ï(Pattern
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Visual Evoked Potential¡AVEP)¡A¤j³¡¤À¨Ï¥Îªº¹Ï¹³¬O¦è¬v´Ñ½L¤ÏÂà(Checkerboard
Reversal)(¥ª¹Ï)¡C
¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ï(Multifocal ERG)©M¦hµJµø»¤µo¹q¦ì(Multifocal VEP)¨Ï¥Î¥k¹Ïªº¹Ï¼Ë§@¬°µø¨ë¿E¾¹¡C
¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ï°O¿ýªº¤è¦¡¦p¦P¤@¯ëªº¹Ï¹³ºô½¤¹q¹Ï(Pattern
ERG)(¥ª¹Ï)¡A¬O¥H¿Ã¹õªº¹Ï¶H¬°µø¨ë¿E¾¹¡A¥þ¿Ã¹õªº¥§¡«G«×ºû«ù¤£ÅÜ¡C¥¦ªº°O¿ý(¥k¹Ï)«h¬O¹ï¨C¤@Ó§½³¡¤p¤»¨¤§Îªº¹q¦ì¤ÏÀ³¡C´N§½³¡¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤S¦ü¥G¤ñ¸û±µªñ©ó°{¥úºô½¤¹q¹Ï(Flash ERG)
°O¿ý¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ïªº¹q·¥©M¤@¯ëºô½¤¹q¹ÏµL²§(¨£¹Ï)¡C¨º»ò¦hªº¤»¨¤§Î¦P®É¦b°{Ã{¡B¨ë¿E¦UÓ§½³¡ªººô½¤¡C¥¦¬O«ç»ò¼Ë¤ÀªR¡B°O¿ý¨ì¨º»ò¦hÓ§Oªººô½¤¹q¦ì¤ÏÀ³©O¡H³opºâªº¤è¦¡¬Oº¡°ªÀɪº¡BºÙ¬°³Ìªø§Ç¦C(Maximal sequence¡AM-sequence) ªº0¡B1¼Æ¾Ç¡C
¥»¤å±N»¡©ú³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªºpºâì²z¡A¤]¤¶²Ð§Ų́ϥÎM-sequence¬ö¿ýÂù²´µø»¤µo¹q¦ìªº¥tÃþ¤èªk¤Îµo²{¡C
³Ìªø§Ç¦C¤]ºÙ¬°°°ÀH¾÷³Ìªø§Ç¦C(Pseudorandom
M-sequence)¡A¬O¤@Ó0¡B1ªº§Ç¦C(¨£¹Ï)¡A¬Ý¦ü0¡B1ÀH¾÷±Æ¦C¡A³o§Ç¦Cªº²£¥Í¤èªk«o¬O¦³³W«h¡B¤£¬O¯uÀH¾÷ªº¡A¦]¦¹ºÙ¬°°°ÀH¾÷§Ç¦C¡C¹B¥Î¦b¤ß²zª«²z¾Ç¹êÅç(psychophysical experiment)©Î¥Í²z¾Ç¹êÅç(physiological experiment)¡A0¡B1ªº¥X²{°ò¥»¤W¬OÀH¾÷ªº¡BµLªk¹w´Áªº¡C
³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªºªø«×(0¡B1ªºÁ`¼Æ)¬O¬Y¤@¾ã¼Ænªº2n-1Ó0¡B1¡C§Ç¦C¸Ì¦³2n-1Ó1©M2n-1-1Ó0¡A1¤ñ0¦h¤@Ó¡C
n = 3ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¦³23 -
1 = 7Ó0¡B1¡C
[ 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 ]
¥¦¬O¤@Ó°j°é¡A±q¨C¤@Ó¦ì¸m¶}©l³£¥i¥H¡A¦@¦³7ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C
n = 7ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡A¦³27-1
= 127Ó0¡B1¡C
[ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ]
§ÚÌ¥ý¨Ó¬Ý¡§³Ìªø§Ç¦C¬O«ç»ò¼Ë¤ÀªR¡B°O¿ý¨ì¨º»ò¦hÓ§Oªººô½¤¹q¦ì¤ÏÀ³¡¨ªº¯µ±K ¡V
¦p«e©Òz¡An = 3ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¦³7Ó¡A¨Ì¨C¤@ӧǦC¿é¤J¨ë¿E ¡V §Ç¦C¬O1µ¹¤©¨ë¿E¡A±o¨ì¤ÏÀ³¡F§Ç¦C¬O0«h¤£¨ë¿E¡A¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³(¨£¹Ï)¡C¦P®É¨Ì7ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C¿é¤J7Ó¨ë¿E¡A7Ó¤ÏÀ³¥[Á`¤@°_±o¨ì¿é¥X¡C
§Ų̲́ĤTӳ̪ø§Ç¦C [ 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 ] ±N¥[Á`ªº¤ÏÀ³¼¤W [ -1 1
-1 1 1 1 -1 ]¡A¹J0´N´î¡A¹J1´N¥[¡A¹ï²Ä3Ó¿é¤Jªºpºâµ²ªG¡A¬OÅ|¥[¤F2(3-1)
= 4¦¸¡A¹ï²Ä5Ó¿é¤Jªº¤ÏÀ³«h¬O¥[2¦¸¡B´î2¦¸¡A©è¾P¨S¦³¤F¡F¹ï²Ä7Ó¿é¤Jªº¤ÏÀ³¤]¬O¥[2¦¸¡B´î2¦¸¡A©è¾P¨S¦³¤F¡C°£¤F¹ï²Ä3ӧǦC¨ë¿Eªº¤ÏÀ³±o¨ì4¦¸Å|¥[¡A¨ä¥L6ӧǦCªº¤ÏÀ³³£¦Û¬Û©è®ø¤£¨£¤F¡I©ó¬O±q¥[Á`ªº¤ÏÀ³¤¤©â¨ú±o¨ì¹ï²Ä3ӧǦC¨ë¿Eªº¤ÏÀ³¡C¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¨Ì¥t6ӧǦCªº0¡B1±N¥[Á`¤ÏÀ³§@¥[¡B´î¹Bºâ¡A´N±o¨ì¨C¤@ӧǦC¨ë¿EªºÓ§O¤ÏÀ³¡C
¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡A³Ìªø§Ç¦C¬O¤@Ó¦h¿é¤J¡B³æ¿é¥X(multiple inputs¡Asingle output)ªº¨t²Î¡C¦Ó¸g¥Ñ³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº¯S©Ê¥h¹Bºâ¡A¥i¥H±q³æ¤@¿é¥X¸Ì¤ÀªR¥X¹ï¨C¤@Ó¿é¤JªºÓ§O¤ÏÀ³¡C
³o0¡B1ªº¯«©_¼Æ¾Ç¡A½Ð°Ñ¦ÒShift Register
Sequences by Solomon
W. Golomb
¦p¦ó²£¥Í³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡H
¥ý½Æ²ß2¶i¦ì¼Æ¦r¡G1 (001) 2 (010) 3 (011) 4 (100) 5 (101) 6 (110) 7 (111)
³o¸Ì¥Hn = 3³Ì°ò¥»¡B³Ìµuªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¬°¨Ò¤l¡C
¦³¥ª¡B¥k¨âºØ¼È¦s¾¹²¾¦ì(Shift Register)ªº¤è¦¡¡C
²Ä¤@ºØ¤èªk(¥ª¹Ï) ¡V ¼È¦s¾¹ªº¤TÓ¦ì¸mq¬°x1¡Bx2¡Bx3¡C
x2¡Bx3¦V¥ª²¾¦ì¦Üx1¡Bx2¡A¥kÃä¸É0¡C
²¾¥Xªºx1¦pªG¬°0¡A¥k¨â¦ìªº0¡B1¤£ÅÜ¡C
²¾¥Xªºx1¦pªG¬°1¡A¥k¨â¦ìªº0¡B1¤Ï¬Û(0§ï¦¨1¡B1§ï¦¨0) ¡V ¥ç§Y¼È¦s¾¹¤º®e©M»Öªù¼È¦s¾¹(Tap Register) 3 (011)¡A°µÅÞ¿è¹BºâXOR¡C
±q1 (001)¶}©l¤ÏÂгoӼȦs¾¹²¾¦ìªº¨BÆJ¡A¼È¦s¾¹¸Ì¨Ì¦¸¦¨¬°2 (010)¡B4 (100)¡B3 (011)¡B6 (110)¡B7 (111)¡B5 (101)¡A¦A¤U¤@¨B¤S¦^¨ì°_ÀYªº1 (001)¡C
¥Ñ¼È¦s¾¹¥ªÃä¨Ì¦¸±À¥Xªº[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 ]´N¬Oªø«×¬°23-1=7ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C
²Ä¤GºØ¤èªk(¥k¹Ï) ¡V ¼È¦s¾¹ªº¤TÓ¦ì¸m¤]¬Ox1¡Bx2¡Bx3¡C
x1¡Bx2¦V¥k²¾¦ì¦Üx2¡Bx3¡C
¦pªG²¾¦ì¤§«eªºx2 XOR x3 = 1¡A¼È¦s¾¹¥ªÃäx1¦ì¸m¸É1¡C
¦pªGx2 XOR x3 = 0¡A¥ªÃäx1¦ì¸m¸É0¡C
±q1 (001)¶}©l¤ÏÂмȦs¾¹²¾¦ìªº°Ê§@¡A¼È¦s¾¹¸Ì¨Ì¦¸¦¨¬°4 (100)¡B2 (010)¡B5 (101)¡B6 (110)¡B7 (111)¡B3 (011)¡A¦A¤U¤@¨B¤S¦^¨ì°_ÀYªº1 (001)¡C
¥Ñ¼È¦s¾¹¥kÃä¨Ì¦¸±À¥Xªº[ 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 ]´N¬Oªø«×¬°23-1=7ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C
¨Ì¾Ú²Ä¤@ºØ¤èªk²£¥Ín = 7¡Atap = 65ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦CªºBASIC¹q¸£»y¨¥µ{¦¡
DEFINT A-Z
n = 7
tap =
nn = 2 ^ n ¡V 1
DIM M(nn) ¡¦------------------------------------------------³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªø«×2n-1
M(1) =
CLS
FOR i = 1 TO nn
IF M(i) >= 2 ^ (n - 1)
THEN ¡¦--------------------------¦pªG²¾¥X1
PRINT "
1"; ¡¦-------------------------------------------³Ìªø§Ç¦C³o¤@¦ì¬O1
M(i + 1) = ((M(i) - 2 ^
(n - 1)) * 2) XOR tap ¡¦------¼È¦s¾¹¤º®e©M»Öªù¼È¦s¾¹65°µXORÅÞ¿è¹Bºâ
ELSE ¡¦-------------------------------------------------------¦pªG²¾¥X0
PRINT "
0"; ¡¦-------------------------------------------³Ìªø§Ç¦C³o¤@¦ì¬O0
M(i + 1) = M(i) *
END IF
NEXT
END
²£¥Íªºªø«×27 - 1 = 127ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡V
»Öªù¼È¦s¾¹(Tap Register)ªº¿ï¾Ü«D±`«n¡C«ezªº²Ä¤@ºØ¤èªk¡A¦b²¾¥Xªºx1¬°1®É¡A¼È¦s¾¹¤º®en©MTap°µXORÅÞ¿è¹Bºâ¡A²£¥Í·sªº¼È¦s¾¹¤º®e¡C
¥]§t¦³nÓ0¡B1ªº¼È¦s¾¹¤@¦@¦³2nºØ¥i¯àªº0¡B1²Õ¦X¡A¬Ý¦¨2¶i¦ìªº¼Æ¦r¡A´N¬O0¨ì2n-1ªº³sÄò¾ã¼Æ¡C
¤£¦nªºTap¦b²£¥Í§Ç¦Cªº«½Æ¹Lµ{¸Ì·|´£¦¦^¨ì³oÓ²£¥Í§Ç¦C°j°éªº°_©lÈ¡A¥X²{«½Æªº¾ã¼Æ¡A¦Ó´`Àô¦b¤@Ó¤£¥]§t¥þ³¡¾ã¼Æªº¤ñ¸û¤pªº¼Æ¸s¸Ì¡F¦Ó¦nªºTap«h·|¸g¹L©Ò¦³2n-1Ó¾ã¼Æ(°£¤F0)¤~¦^¨ì±qÀY¡A²£¥Íªº§Ç¦C¤~¥s°µ¡§³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡¨(Maximal sequence¡AM-sequence)¡A¤~¦³³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº¤@¨Ç¯S®í©Ê½è¡C
¦nªºTap¤@©w¦³°¸¼ÆÓ1¡A¦ý¬O¦³°¸¼ÆÓ1ªº¤£¤@©w¬O¦nªºTap¡C
±qn=5¨ìn=11¡A¥i¥H²£¥Í³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº¦nªºTap¦p¤U¡G
³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº¯S®í©Ê½è
¨
³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº³Ì«n¯S½èÀ³¸Ó¬O©â¨ú¦Uӳ椸¤ÏÀ³ªº¤èªk¡C«e¬q´yz¤Fn = 3ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C©â¨ú«H¸¹ªº¤èªk¡C³o¸Ì¦³8ӳ椸¡A¥H¦P¤@Ón = 5ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡B¦ý¬O¤£¦P°_ÂI(¬õ½bÀY³B)§@¨ë¿E(¦p¹Ï)¡C¦b¥[Á`ªº¤ÏÀ³¤W¥H²Ä¤@³æ¤¸0¡B1¬ÛÀ³ªº-1¡B1§Ç¦C(¦p¹Ï)¥h©â¨ú¡A·|±o¨ì³æ¤¸1ªº¤ÏÀ³¡C³oÓ¤ÏÀ³¬O2(n-1) =
24 = 16Ó¤ÏÀ³ªºÅ|¥[(average)µ²ªG¡CÅ|¥[m¦¸¥i¥H¼W±j°T¡B¾¸¤ñ(signal/noise ratio¡AS/N ratio)¡Ôm¿¡A¦b³o¸Ì¨Cӳ椸ªº°T¡B¾¸¤ñ·|¥[±j2(n-1)/2 = 24/2 =
22 = 4¿¡C
[ 1 1 0
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
1 0 1 ........]
[ 1 1 -1 1
1 1 1
1 -1
¨
n¦ì¤¸¼È¦s¾¹²£¥Íªº³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªø«×¬O2n-1¡A¨ä¤¤¦³2(n-1)Ó1©M2(n-1)-1Ó0¡C¦b¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ïªº¤»¨¤§Î°}¦C¸Ì¡A¦pªG1¬O¥Õ¡B0¬O¶Â¡A«h¶Â¡B¥Õ¤»¨¤§Îªº¼Æ¥Ø¥Ã»·¤jP¬Ûµ¥¡A¾ãÅé¿Ã¹õ¥i¥Hºû«ùµÛ©T©wªº¥§¡«G«×(¨£¹Ï)¡C
¨
2n-1ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C¸Ì¥ô·N¨âӳ̪ø§Ç¦C§@XORÅÞ¿è¹Bºâ¡A±o¨ìªº¤´µM¬O¸s¸Ìªº¥t¤@ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C¡C¹Bºâ¤§«áªº³Ìªø§Ç¦CºÙ¬°2¶¥®Ö¤ß(2nd order
kernel)¡A¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ¬O«e¨âӳ̪ø§Ç¦Cªº¥æ¤¬§@¥Î(interaction)¡C¤£¹L¦b°µ³oºØºtĶ(interpretation)ªº®ÉÔ¡An¬Ý¹êÅ窺³]p¬O¦p¦ó¦w±Æ¡B¨Ï¥Î³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡A¤~¤£·|±o¥X²ö¦W¨ä§®ªºµ²½×¡C
¨Ò¦pn=3ªº7ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C(¥ª¹Ï)¤¤ªº²Ä1©M²Ä6°µXOR¹Bºâ¡A±o¨ì²Ä5ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C(¥k¹Ï)¡C¥H³oӳ̪ø§Ç¦C©â¨ú±o¨ìªº¤ÏÀ³¡AÀ³¸Ó¸ÑÄÀ¦¨²Ä5ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C»¤µoªº¤ÏÀ³¡A©Î¬O²Ä1©M²Ä6¨âÓ¤ÏÀ³ªº¥æ¤¬§@¥Î©O¡H¸Ñ¨Mªº¤èªk´N¬O¨Ï¥În§ó¤j¡B§óªøªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¥HÁקK«Å|¡C
¨
¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ï241Ó¤»¨¤§În¨Ï¥Î«D±`ªøªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡A¤~¥i¥H±o¨ì²z·Qªº°T¡B¾¸¤ñ¡C¨Ò¦pn=16ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¦³216-1 = 65535Ó0¡B1¡A´Nºâ¹q¸£¿Ã¹õ¨C¬í§e²{60¶¡A¤]»Ýn65535 / 60 = 1092¬í = 18¤ÀÄÁ¤~¯à°µ§¹¡C¨S¦³¤H¯à§Ô¨ü18¤ÀÄÁª`µø¿Ã¹õªº¹êÅç©ÎÀˬd¡A©ó¬O±N¤§©î¦¨36Ó¥b¤ÀÄÁ¡A¦A±N°O¿ýªº¤ù¬q³s±µ°_¨Ó°µ¤ÀªR¡C
¨
¥t¤@ӳ̪ø§Ç¦C¥æ¤¬§@¥Îªº¨Ò¤l¬O¥H³Ìªø§Ç¦C°O¿ýµø»¤µo¹q¦ì¡C¤@¯ëÁ{§Éµø»¤µo¹q¦ìÀˬd¨Ï¥Î¦è¬v´Ñ½L¤ÏÂà(Checkerboard
Reversal)§@¬°¬O¨ë¿E¾¹¡A´N¬O¦b¨â±i¦è¬v´Ñ½L ¡V ¦è¬v´Ñ½L1©M¦è¬v´Ñ½L2¤§¶¡³W«ß¦a¤ÏÂà(¥ª¹Ï)¡C¥k¹Ï«h¬O¨ÌM-sequence¤ÏÂ઺¦è¬v´Ñ½L ¡V
M-sequence¬O0ªº®ÉÔ®i¥Ü¦è¬v´Ñ½L1¡AM-sequence¬O1ªº®ÉÔ®i¥Ü¦è¬v´Ñ½L2¡C
¦è¬v´Ñ½L³W«ß¦a¤ÏÂà ¦è¬v´Ñ½L¨ÌM-sequence¤ÏÂà
¥H³oӳ̧ǦC¥h©â¨ú¸£ªiªº»¤µo¹q¦ì¡A¬O1¶¥ªº¤ÏÀ³(1st
order kernel)¡A¨Ã©â¨ú¤£¨ì¤ÏÀ³¡A¦]¬°»¤µo¹q¦ì¬O¥Ñ¦è¬v´Ñ½L¡§¤ÏÂࡨ¦Ó¨Ó¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¥Ñ¦è¬v´Ñ½L¥»¨»¤µo¥X¨Ó¡Cn©â¨ú¥Ñ¡§¤ÏÂࡨ¦Ó¨Óªº¹q¦ì¡A´Nn¥Î²Ä¤@Àþ¶¡©M¦¸¤@Àþ¶¡¨âӳ̪ø§Ç¦C§@XOR¹Bºâ²£¥Íªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¥h©â¨ú¸£ªi¡A³oºÙ¬°2¶¥ªº¤ÏÀ³(2nd
order kernel) (¥k¹Ï)¡A´N±o¨ì©M¶Ç²Î¦è¬v´Ñ½L¤ÏÂ໤µoªº¬Û¦üªºNPNªi§Î(¨£¹Ï)
¦pªG¹êÅ窺³]p¬O³Ìªø§Ç¦C1ªº®Éԧﴫ¦è¬v´Ñ½L¡B0ªº®É«á¤£§ïÅÜ¡C³o¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A¥H1¶¥§Ç¦C(1st
order kernel)´N¥i¥H©â¨ú¨ìµø»¤µo¹q¦ì¤F¡C
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¥H³Ìªø§Ç¦C°µ¹êÅç¥i¥H§Y®É(real time)²£¥Í³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡A¦Ó¤£»Ý¨Æ¥ý·Ç³Æ¦n¥þ³¡ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡C¨Ò¦p¦³8ӳ椸(element)¡A¦n¤ñ¦hµJºô½¤¹q¹Ï¦³8Ó¦ì¸m(focus)¡A²Ä1®É¶¡³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº0¡B1¨Ì§Ç¤À¬£µ¹8ӳ椸(¨£¹Ï¡A¥Ñ¥ª¦Ó¥k)¡A¤À¬£§¹²Ä¤@®É¶¡ªº8ӳ椸¡A©µÄò쥻ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¤À¬£µ¹²Ä2®É¶¡ªº8ӳ椸(¦p¹Ï¡A¥Ñ¤W¦Ó¤U)¡A¦P¼Ë¦aÄ~Äò¤À¬£µ¹²Ä3®É¶¡¡B²Ä4®É¶¡.....¡C³Ìªø§Ç¦C2n-1Ó0¡B1¥Î§¹¤F¡A¦A«ÀY¶}©l´`Àô¡C³o¼Ë¥Ñ¥ª¦Ó¥k¡B¥Ñ¤W¦Ó¤U¾î¦V¤À¬£³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªºµ²ªG¡A¦pªGÁa¦V¡B¥Ñ¤W¦Ó¤U¬Ý¡A¨C¤@ӳ椸ªº0¡B1§Ç¦C¤´µM¬O쥻ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦C¡A°_ºÝ¤£¤@¼Ë¦Ó¤w¡I¦Ó8ӳ椸ªº³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªº°_ºÝ¬O¦ì©ó¬Û¹j1/8³Ìªø§Ç¦Cªø«×ªº¦ì¸m(¹Ï¤¤¬õ½bÀY³B)¡I
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Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWT)¡A³o¬O¤@ºØ¼s¸qªº³Å¥ß¸Âà´«Fourier Transform¡AFast Fourier
Transform (FFT)¡C³oÓ¨t²Îªº¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ«D±`½ÆÂø¡A¦ý¬Oºtºâªk(algorithm)³£¬O¤½¶}ªº¡A¨Ã«D§¹¥þ»»¤£¥i¤Î¡C
(The Hadamard transform is also known as the Walsh¡VHadamard transform, Hadamard¡VRademacher¡VWalsh transform, Walsh transform, or
Walsh¡VFourier transform.)
Jacques Solomon Hadamard(1865-1963)¡AHans Adolph
Rademacher(1892¡V1969)¡AJoseph Leonard Walsh(1895¡V1973)
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Dr. Suzanne
McKee´£¥X¤@Óµü·J¡§¿Ä¦X©Ê§í¨î¡¨ (Fusional suppression)¡A«üªº¬OÂù²´µø¥¿±`ªº¤H¡A¨â²´ªº¥æ¤¬§@¥Î§í¨î¤F¨â²´¦U¦Ûªº¬¡°Ê¤O¡C¥Î¤uµ{ªº³N»y¨Ó»¡¡A¬O¦³Âù²´µøªº¤H¡A¨â²´ªº¥æ¤¬§@¥ÎÅý¨â²´³æ²´µøªº¯à¶q¦³¤@³¡¤À²¾¥h¤FÂù²´µø¡A©ó¬OÂù²´¦P®É°O¿ýªºµø»¤µo¹q¦ì°§C¡CÂù²´µø¤£¨Îªº¤H¡A«h¯à¶q³£¯d¦b¨â²´¦U¦Ûªº³æ²´µø¡AÂù²´¦P®É°O¿ýªºµø»¤µo¹q¦ì¨Ã¨S¦³°§C¡Aºû«ù©M³æ²´¬Ý®É¦P¼Ëªºªi´T¡C
¿Ä¦X©Ê§í¨î(Fusional
suppression)ªº°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¡G
McKee SP, Harrad RA.
Fusional suppression in normal and stereoanomalous observers. Vis Res. 1993
Aug;33(12):1645-58.
Fu VL, Norcia AM, Birch EE. Fusional Suppression
in Accommodative and Infantile Esotropia. Invest Ophthal & Vis Sci May
2006, Vol.47, 2450. ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract May 2006.
Birch EE, Fu VL, Norcia AM. Fusional
Suppression During Infancy. Invest Ophthal & Vis Sci May 2006, Vol.47, 2449. ARVO Annual
Meeting Abstract May 2006.
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