¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø (Motion Stereopsis)

Âù²´¹B°Ê²`«×ı (Binocular Depth-from-Motion, BDFM)

 

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¥»¤å¤º®e³¡¤À¨ú¦Û1999¦~Arthur Jampolsky fellows¡¦ meeting

Proceedings of the Jampolsky Festschrift, The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI), San Francisco, April 2000

http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~ahwang/BDFM_AJ/Binocular%20Depth-from-Motion%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20Jampolsky%20Festschrift%20The%20Smith-Kettlewell%20Eye%20Research%20Institute%20San%20Francisso%20April%202000.pdf

 

 

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¹³®t¥ßÅé·P¬O¤@ºØÀRºAªº¡A¥Ñ¨â²´ºô½¤¦¨¹³¤§¶¡ªº¹³®t©Ò²£¥Íªº²`«×ı(Depth-from-Disparity)¡F¦Ó¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O°ÊºAªº¡A¥Ñ¨â²´ºô½¤¼v¹³ªº¹B°Ê¦V¶q(Motion vector)ªº®t²§²£¥Íªº²`«×ı(Depth-from-Motion)¡C´f´µ¹yªº¦~¥N¥i¯à¦]¬°¨S¦³²{¥N¹q¸£ªº°ÊºA®i¥Ü¡A¦]¦¹¨S¦³¹îı¨ì¥Ñ°ÊºAªº¹B°Êı(Motion perception)²£¥Íªº¥t¤@ºØÂù²´ªÅ¶¡²`«×ıªº¾÷¨î¡C

 

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«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç¤ß²z¨t±Ð±ÂKen Nakayama«ü¥X¡A¹B°Êı¬OÀ³¸Ó­n¿W¥ß©ó§Îı¤§¥~¡A³æ¿W¬ã¨s¡B°Q½×ªº½ÒÃD¡C¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¡§¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¡¨(motion stereopsis)¤]¬O¥²»Ý¤ÀÂ÷©ó¡§¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¡¨ (disparity stereopsis)¤§¥~¡A³æ¿W°Q½×ªº¥­¦æ½ÒÃD¡C¥»¤å´y­z¥HÀH¾÷ÂI°ÊºA¥ßÅé¹Ï´ú¸Õ¹³®t¥ßÅéµø©M¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¡A¦P®É¥i¥H±N¥Ñ¹³®t½u¯Á(disparity cue)©Ò²£¥Íªº²`«×ı©M¥Ñ¹B°Ê½u¯Á(motion cue)©Ò²£¥Íªº²`«×ı¤À¶}¨Ó´ú¸Õ¡C

 

Nakayama K. Biological image motion processing: a review. Vision Res. 1985;25(5):625-60.

http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~ahwang/BDFM_AJ/Biological%20Image%20Motion%20Processing%20A%20Review.pdf

 

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9PaE92JBKk&t=5s (¤¤¤å)

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Á{§ÉªºÀˬd§Ú­Ì¥u´ú¸Õ(1)¹³®t½u¯Á¡B¹B°Ê½u¯Á³£¦³(Spat=0%¡ATemp=0%)¡A(2)¶È¹³®t½u¯Á(Spat=0%¡ATemp=50%)©M(3)¶È¹B°Ê½u¯Á(Spat=5%¡ATemp=0%)¤T­Ó·¥ºÝªº±¡¹Ò¡C¦pªG¥H50%®É¶¡¹Bºâ¤l©M50%ªÅ¶¡¹Bºâ¤l±N¹³®t½u¯Á©M¹B°Ê½u¯Á§¹¥þ²¾°£¡A¨ºªÖ©w´N¨S¦³¿ìªk§PŪ¨ì²`«×ı¤F¡C

 

 

¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¤@ºØ°ÊºAªºÂù²´µø¥\¯à¡AÁ{§É¤W¥i¯à¦]¬°ÀË´ú»ö¾¹¤ñ¸û¤£®e©öªºÃö«Y¡A°ÊºA´ú¸ÕªºÀˬd¶µ¥Ø¨Ã¤£¦h¡C¥Ø«eÂù²´µøªº´ú¸Õ¥D­n¬O¿Ä¦X(fusion)©M¥ßÅéµø(stereopsis)¡C±q¥Í²z¾÷¨î¨ÓÁ¿¡A¿Ä¦X¬O¥Ñ¹³®t²£¥Í¿ç¿ê(Vergence-from-Disparity)¡A¦Ó¥ßÅéµø«h¬O¥Ñ¹³®t²£¥Í²`«×ı(Depth-from-Disparity)¡C¨âªÌ³£¬OÂù²´¹ï©óÀRºA¼v¹³ªº¤ÏÀ³¡C

 

§Ú­Ì¥Í¬¡¦b°ÊºAªº¥@¬É¡Aºô½¤¤Wªº¼v¹³¤£Â_¦a¦b²¾°ÊµÛ¡C¤ñ¸û¨â²´ºô½¤¼v¹³¹B°Ê¦V¶q®t²§¦Ó²£¥Íªº²`«×ª¾Ä±¥i¯à§ó¼sªx¦a³Q§Ú­Ì©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡AÁ{§É¤W«o¨S¦³³o¤è­±ªºÀˬd¶µ¥Ø¡I

 

Kitaoji and Toyama1 ¥s³oºØ¾÷¨î¬°¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø(motion stereopsis)¡C§Ú¶É¦V©óºë·Ç¦a¨Ì¾Ú²£¥Íªº¾÷¨îºÙ¤§¬°¡§Âù²´¹B°Ê²`«×ı¡¨(Binocular Depth-from-Motion¡ABDFM)¡A¦P®É¤]©IÀ³¤F¶Ç²Îªº¥ßÅéµø¾÷¨î¬°¡§¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¡¨(Binocular Depth-from-Disparity)¡C

 

Kitaoji H, Toyama K. Preservation of position and motion stereopsis in strabismic subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987;28:1260-1267.

 

Regan¹ï¹B°Ê²`«×ı¤Îª«Å骺ªÅ¶¡¹B°Ê¦³³z¹ýªº´y­z¡CªÅ¶¡¹B°Êªº¬ã¨s¦³¨âºØ¡V1. looming©Îoptic flow¬O´y­z¡B©w¦ì§Ú­Ì¦Û¤v¦bªÅ¶¡ªº¹B°Ê¡A2. depth-from-motion«h´y­zª«Åé¦bªÅ¶¡ªº²¾°Ê¡Cª«Å骺ªÅ¶¡¹B°Ê¦b¨â²´ºô½¤¤W²£¥Í¤£¦Pªº¹B°Ê¦V¶q²Õ¦X¡A¤Ï¹L¨Ó¡A§Q¥Î³o¤£¦Pªº¦V¶q²Õ¦X¡A§Ú­Ì¤]¦³¨¬°÷ªº¸ê°T¥h­pºâ¡B¦^±Àª«Åé¦bªÅ¶¡ªº¹B°Ê¤è¦V¡C

 

­nª`·N¡Adepth-from-motion¸Ìªºmotion«üªº¬Oºô½¤¤W¼v¹³ªº¹B°Ê¡A¬O¤@ºØª¾Ä±¡V¹B°Êı¡F¦Ómotion-in-depth¸Ìªºmotion«üªº¬Oª«Åé¦bªÅ¶¡ªº¹B°Ê¡A¤£­n²V²c¤@°_¡C

 

Regan D. Depth from motion and motion-in-depth. In: Cronly-Dillon JR, ed. Vision and visual dysfunction, Vol. 9. Houndmills: Macmillan. - Regan D, ed. Binocular vision. Chapter 8. 1991;137-169.

 

³æ²´ºô½¤¤Wªº¼v¹³¹B°Ê¤]¤Þµo¤@©wªº¶ZÂ÷¡B²`«×ªºª¾Ä±¡A¦]¦¹¥»¤å¯S¦a§¹¾ã¦a±NÃD¥Ø­q¬°¡§Âù²´¡¨¹B°Ê²`«×ı¡C

 

 

±×µø¯f¤Hªº¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø (BDFM of strabismic patients)

 

§Ú­Ì´ú¸Õ54¦ì¤p¨¤«×±×µø¯f¤H¡A¦³ªº¬O¤â³N«á¡A¦³¨Ç¨S¦³°µ¹L¤â³N¡A¥L­Ì¨S¯à³q¹L35¤À¨¤ÀRºAªºÀH¾÷ÂI¹³®t¥ßÅéµøÀˬd(NTU RDS 35min)¡A«o¥i¥H³q¹L¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬd¡C¥L­Ì¥i¥H§PŪ¦³¹³®t¤]¦³¹B°Ê½u¯Áªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¥i¥H§PŪ¶È¹B°Ê½u¯Áªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¦ý¬O¨Sªk§PŪ¶È¹³®t½u¯Áªº¥ßÅé¹Ï(¨£¹Ï)¡C

 

 

³oÃÒ©ú¤F¥L­Ìªº²`«×ı¬O¨Ó¦Û©ó¹B°Ê½u¯Á¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì¨Sªk§PŪ¶È¹³®t½u¯Áªº°ÊºA¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¸ò¥L­Ì¨Sªk³q¹LÀRºAªºÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹ÏÀˬd¡A¨Ò¦pTNO¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¡Aªºµ²ªG¬O¤@­Pªº¡C

 

¶Ç²Î¥ßÅéµøÀˬd¥¢±Ñªº¤H¡A¬O¨S¦³Âù²´¹³®t¥ßÅéµøªº¾÷¨î¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøÀ³¸Ó¬O¥L­Ì¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤¤@­Ó­«­nªº§PÂ_¶ZÂ÷ªºÂù²´¾÷¨î¡C³\¦h¶Ç²Î¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¤£³q¹Lªº±×µø¯f¤H»¡¥L­Ì¬Ý3D¥ßÅé¹q¼v¤´µM¬O¦³²`«×¡B¶ZÂ÷ªº·Pı¡C

¥t¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¬O¤@²´³z¹L¶ÂÂoÃè(Neutral density filter)¥h¬Ý³æÂ\(pendulum)¡A·|²£¥ÍPulfrich²{¶H¡V³æÂ\¬Ý°_¨Ó¦n¹³¤£¦b¤@­Ó¥­­±¤W¥ª¥kÂ\°Ê¡A¦Ó¹³¬OªuµÛ¾ò¶ê§Îªº­y¹D¡A¦³²`«×¦a¾aªñ¡B»·Â÷¦bÂà°Ê¡CPulfrich²{¶H¤@¯ë¤]¬O¥HÀRºAªº¹³®t­ì¸Ì¥h¸ÑÄÀ¡A»¡¤@²´ªº¼v¹³¦]¬°¶ÂÂoÃè²£¥Í¯«¸g¶Ç¾É©µ¿ð¡A®É¶¡ªº©µ¿ð²£¥Í¨â²´¤§¶¡ªº¹³®t¡A©ó¬O²£¥Í¤F²`«×ı¡C¨Æ¹ê¤WÂù²´¹B°Êı¾÷¨î¤]°Ñ»P¨ä¤¤¡A³o¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎÀH¾÷ÂI¬ÛÃö¹Ï(Random-dot correlogram)¡A²¾°£¹³®tªº¾÷¨î¥hÃÒ©ú¡C

 

¦b54¦ì¯f¤H¤¤¡A9¦ì¬O¦­µo©Êªº±×µø¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ìªºµø°Ê²´¾_(Optokinetic nystagmus, OKN)Åã¥Ü»ó¡Bù®°¼¤£¹ïºÙ(Naso-temporal asymmetry)©Î/©M¦P®É¦ñÀH¦³Áô²´¾_(Latent nystagmus)¡CÁöµM¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø¾¨¦­§@¤â³N¸g±`¤]µLªk«ì´_¥L­Ìªº¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¡A¦ý¬O±×µø¨¤«×­×¥¿¨ì¤@©wµ{«×¡A¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¥i¥H«ì´_ªº¡A¤]¦]¦¹¤Î¦­¶i¦æ¤â³N¡A°£¤F¥~Æ[¤§¥~¡A¥\¯à¤W¤]¦³¼W¶iÂù²´µø¡BÆ[½à3D¹q¼vªº¦n³B¡C

 

 

¥ßÅéµø¥¿±`¤Hªº¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø (BDFM of subjects with normal stereopsis)

 

¥ßÅéµø¥¿±`ªº¤H±`ı±o¶È¹B°Ê½u¯Áªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¤ñ¶È¹³®t½u¯Áªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¤£®e©ö§PŪ¡A¦ý¬O¸g¹L½m²ß¡A¤j³¡¤À³£¯à³q¹L¶È¹B°Ê½u¯Áªº¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøÀˬd¡C¦ý¬O¨ä¤¤¦³¨â­Ó¤H«o¬O«ç»ò½m²ß¨Ì¨Sªk³q¹L¡I

 

¤@¯ë¥ßÅé·P¥¿±`ªº¤H¦ü¥G¬O«Ü²ßºD¹B¥Î¹³®tªº¾÷¨î¥h§PÂ_¶ZÂ÷¡A¦Ó±N¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªº¾÷¨î¥á¦b¤@®Ç¤£¥Î¡AÁöµM¥L­Ìªº¤j¸£¸Ì¨Ì¬O¦s¦bµÛ¦³¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªº¾÷¨îªº¡C

 

 

¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªº¯«¸g¥Í²z¾Ç (Neurophysiology of BDFM)

 

¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤¡AªÅ¶¡²¾°Êªºª«Åé(motion-in-depth)¡A¨Ò¦p­¸¦æ¤¤ªº°A¤l¡A¦b¨â²´ªº¦¨¹³¤j¦h³£¥]§t¦³¹³®t©M¹B°Ê¦V¶qªº®t²§¨âºØ¾÷¨î¡CCumming and Parker4´¿¸g±´°Q¨âºØ¥i¯àªº°»´úªÅ¶¡²¾°Êª«Å骺Âù²´µø¾÷¨î¡C¨ä¤@¬O°»´ú¨â²´¹B°Ê¦V¶qªº®t²§¡F¨ä¤G¬O¹³®tÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº§ïÅÜ(¨£¹Ï)¡C

 

Cumming BG, Parker AJ. Binocular mechanisms for detecting motion-in-depth. Vis Res 1994;34:483-495.

 

 

¥L­Ì»{¬°¬O²Ä¤GºØ¾÷¨î¡A»{¬°¨S¦³ÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¤HÅ馳°»´ú¨â²´¤§¶¡¹B°Ê¦V¶q®t²§ªº¯à¤O¡C§Ú­ÌªºÁ{§ÉÆ[¹î«h¶É¦V¤ä«ù²Ä¤@ºØ¾÷¨î¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b±×µø¯f¤Hªº¨­¤W¬O¦p¦¹¡C¦]¬°±×µø¯f¤H¨S¦³°»´ú¹³®tªº¯à¤O¡A·íµM¥L­Ì¤]´NµL±q¥h­pºâ¹³®tÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº§ïÅܤF¡C

 

 

§Ú­Ì¦b±×®zµøªù¶E©Ò°µªº¥ßÅé·PÀˬd¡A¥i¥H²¤Æ¬°¤T­Ó¨BÆJ¡G

 

¨BÆJ1¡G300¬í¨¤ÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï(NTU RDS 300 sec-of-arc)

¾Çµ£µø¤O¿zÀ˪º¤u§@¡A¤]¬O¥H300¬í¨¤ÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø(NTU300)§@¬°³q¹L/¤£³q¹Lªº¼Ð·Ç¡C

¦pªG³q¹L´ú¸Õ¡A«h§P©w¬°¥¿±`ªº¥ßÅéµø¡C¦pªG¤£³q¹L¡A´ú¸Õ

 

¨BÆJ2¡G35¤À¨¤(=2100¬í¨¤)ÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï(NTU RDS 35 min-of-arc (2100 sec-of arc))

¦pªG³q¹L³o¶µ´ú¸Õ¡A«h§P©w¬°¥ßÅéµø¸û®t(subnormal stereopsis)¡C¡§Áô¤º±×µø¡¨(Esophoria)©M¡§¨â²´¤£µ¥µø¡¨(Anisometropia)¯f¤Hªº¥ßÅéµø±`¸¨©ó³o¤@Ãþ²Õ¡C¥L­Ìªº¥ßÅéµø¤£§¹¬ü¡A¦ý¬O¤]¤£¬O§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥ßÅéµø¡C§Ú­Ì³q±`¸ò®aªø¸ÑÄÀ¡A¯à°÷³q¹LÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬd¤w¸g¬O¬Û·í¤£¿ùªºÂù²´µø¥\¯à¤F¡C¦pªG¤´µM¤£³q¹L¡A´ú¸Õ

 

¨BÆJ3¡G¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø

¦pªG³q¹L³o¶µ´ú¸Õ¡A§Ú­Ì·|¸ò®aªø¸ÑÄÀ¡AÁöµM¥L­Ì¬Ý¤£¨ì®Ñ¥»¤WÀRºAªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¦ý¬O¥L­Ì¬O¥i¥H¥hÆ[½à°ÊºAªº3D¥ßÅé¹q¼v(°Êµe)ªº¡C

 

¦pªG¦A¤£³q¹L¡A§Ú­Ì³q±`·|¸ò®aªø¸ÑÄÀ»¡¡A¨S¦³¥ßÅéµø¨Ã¤£·|³y¦¨¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤¤Ó¦hªº§xÂZ¡C³æ²´µøı¸Ì¨ÌµM¦³ªÅ¶¡ªº·Pª¾¯à¤O¡B¨ÌµM¦³§PÂ_¶ZÂ÷ªº½u¯Á¦s¦b¡C

 

¤j¾Ç²´¬ì¸ê°T«Ç±N¹³®t¥ßÅéµø©M¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬd¼g¦¨¸ó¥­¥xªºµ{¦¡¨Ñ¤j®a¨Ï¥Î

https://www.eyedoctor.com.tw/Stereopsis/

 

  

 

 

¤j¨Á¤j¾Ç¤j¾Ç°|Âå¾Ç¨t¬ã¨s¬ì¡A·Pı¾÷¯à§Î¦¨¾Ç¤£¤Gªù ©|±Ð±Â(Dr. Takashi Fujikado¡Aふじかど¡@たかし)¹ï¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¤]«D±`¦³¿³½ì¡C´¿¸g¦b¤j³°ªº¤p¨à²´¬ì/±×®zµø·|ij¤WÁ¿ºt¡§¨S¦³¥ßÅéµø¬O§_¤£¯à¬Ý¥ßÅé¹q¼v©O¡H¡¨¤º®eÀ³¸Ó´N¬O¥»¤åªº¥DÃD¡V¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø§a¡I

 

 

¦W¥j«Î¤j¾ÇªºÁ{§É¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¥H¥|¿O¿Ä¦XÀˬd(Worth-4-dots)ªº·Pı©Ê¿Ä¦X(sensory fusion)©M¬O§_¦³¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¦³Ãö¡C

 

Maeda M, Sato M, Ohmura T, Miyazaki Y, Wang AH, Awaya S. Binocular depth-from-motion in infantile and late-onset esotropia patients with poor stereopsis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:3031-3036.

 

Á{§É¤WÀˬdÂù²´µøı¡A¤@¯ë³£»{¬°¹B°Ê©Ê¿Ä¦X(motor fusion)¬O¶Ç²Î¥ßÅéµø(¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¡Astereopsis)ªº¥²­n±ø¥ó¡C¨º»ò¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¤£¬O¤]¬O¹³®t¥ßÅéµøªº¥²­n±ø¥ó©O¡H¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¤ñ¹³®t¥ßÅéµø§ó¬°ªì¶¥¡B§ó¬°°ò¦ªºÂù²´µøı¶Ü¡HÁÙ¬O¨âªÌ¬O¥­¦æ¡B¿W¥ßªºÂù²´²`«×ª¾Ä±¡H(¨£¹Ï)

 

 

Á{§É¤u§@¤W¡A§Ú­Ì¥ý´ú¸Õ¹³®tÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµø¡A´ú¸Õ¤£³q¹L¤~¨Ó´ú¸Õ¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¡A«D±`¦h¤H¨S¦³¹³®t¥ßÅéµø«o¯à³q¹L¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¡C

 

¨º»ò¬O¤£¬O¦³¤H¦³¥¿±`ªº¹³®t¥ßÅéµø«o¨S¦³¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø©O¡HLaby µo²{¤@¨Ç¥ßÅéµø¥¿±`ªº¤H¨S¦³dynamic stereopsis¡A¥L¦]¦¹±N¹³®t¥ßÅéµø©M¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬Ý¦¨¬O¥­¦æªº¨âºØ¾÷¨î¡C

 

Laby DM, Kirschen DG. Dynamic stereoacuity: priliminary results and normative data for a new test for the quantitative measurement of motion in depth. Binocular Vis & Eye Muscle Surgery. 1995;10:191-200.

 

§Ú­Ì«h¦³¨â¦ì¯f¤H¥ßÅéµø¥¿±`¡A§Y«K½m²ß¹L«á¡A¤]¨Sªk³q¹L¶È¹B°Ê½u¯Áªº¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøÀˬd¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø©M¹³®t¥ßÅéµø¤¬¬Û¤§¶¡¯«¸g¾÷¨îªºÃö«YÁÙ¦³«Ý§ó¦hªº¬ã¨s»P±´°Q¡C

 

¦³¤@­Ó¯f¤H¦³18£G´Ý¯dªº¤º±×µø¡A¦o27£G¤º±×µø¡AÀ¹¤F9£G©³¦V¥~ªº¸WÃè²´Ãè¡A¬O§Ú­Ì¨t¦C¯f¤H¤¤³q¹L¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøÀˬd¨¤«×³Ì¤jªº¤@¦ì¡C³o¤]·t¥ÜµÛ¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¯«¸g¾÷¨îªº±µ¨ü°ì(receptive field)¬O¤j©ó18£Gªº¡C

 

 

¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø (Infantile esotropia or Congenital esotropia)

 

¹ï©ó¥®¨à«¬¤º±×µø¡A¥Ø«e¤@¯ëªº¦@ÃѬO¨â·³¤§«e¤â³N¡A¾¨ºÞÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅéµøµLªk«ì´_¡A³æ²´ª`µø(monofixation)ªº©PÃä¿Ä¦X(peripheral fusion)©M¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø(motion stereopsis)¬O¥i¥H«ì´_ªº¡C

 

¦­¤â³Nªº¯ÊÂI¬O»Ý­n¦A¦¸¤â³Nªº¾÷²v°¾°ª¡C±j½Õ¥²»Ý¾¨¦­¤â³NªºÂå®v³£¬OµÛ²´©óÂù²´µøªº«ì´_¡C¤@¯ë»{¬°¹B°Ê©Ê¿Ä¦X(motor fusion)¶V¦­¤â³N«ì´_ªº¾÷·|¶V¤j¡A¦Ü©ó¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¤£¬O¥²µM»Ý­n¨º»ò¦­¤â³N¤~¯à«ì´_¡A§í©Î¬Oªø¤j¤F¦A¤â³N¨ÌµM¥i¥H«ì´_¡A«h»Ýµ¥«Ý§ó¦hªºÁ{§É¸gÅç¥h¦^µª³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

 

 

¦³¨Ç¤H¤Þ¥Î¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªºÀˬdµ{¦¡¡A«o§ó§ï¦WºÙ¬°¡§°ÊºA¥ßÅéµø¡¨(Dynamic stereopsis)¡A³o¥¢¥h¤F³oºØ¥ßÅéµø¬O­pºâÂù²´¹B°Êı(Motion perception)®t²§ªº°ò¥»ºë¯«¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø(Motion stereopsis¡ABinocular Depth-from-Motion)¬O¬Û¹ï©ó¹³®t¥ßÅéµø(Disparity stereopsis¡ABinocular Depth-from-Disparity)ªº¥t¤@ºØ²£¥ÍªÅ¶¡²`«×ı(Depth perception)ªº¾÷¨î¡C

 

ÀRºAªº¥ßÅéµø¬O¥Ñ¥ª¥k²´¨â±i¥b¥ßÅé¹Ï¤§¶¡ªº¡§¹³®t¡¨²£¥Íªº²`«×ı¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¨Ã¤£¥u¬O¹³®t¥ßÅéµøªº°ÊºAª©¥»¡A¦³ªº½×¤åºÙ¤§¬°¡§°ÊºA¥ßÅéµø¡¨(Dynamic stereopsis)¨Ã¤£«ê·í¡A¨S¦³´x´¤¨ì¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµøªº¥Í²z¾÷¨îªº­«ÂI¡C¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¨â²´¤§¶¡¡§¹B°Êı¡¨ (Motion perception)ªº®t²§²£¥Íªº²`«×ı¡C

 

¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¥Ñ¹B°Êı¦Ó¨Ó¡A¥¦¥»¨­·íµM¬O¤@ºØ°ÊºA(dynamic)ªº´ú¸Õ¤è¦¡¡C¦ý¬O°ÊºA¥ßÅéµø³o¤@Ãã·J­ì¥»´N¦³¨ä¥LªºÀ³¥Î¡C¤U¹Ï¬O³]­p¨Ó°O¿ý¥ßÅéµøªºµø»¤µo¹q¦ì(Visual evoked potential¡AVEP)ªº¹Ï§Î¡A¦@16±iÁôÂæè¬v´Ñ½Lªº¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¨ä¤¤8±i¥]§t¥ª¤W¨¤¨º®æ¥Y°_ªº¦è¬v´Ñ½L¡A¥t8±i¥]§t¥ª¤W¨¤¨º®æ¥W¤Uªº¦è¬v´Ñ½L¡A¤ÏÂм½©ñ¡A´N¦p¦P¤@¯ëÁ{§É¤Wµø»¤µo¹q¦ìÀˬd¨Ï¥Îªº¦è¬v´Ñ½L¤ÏÂà¹Ï¼Ë¡A¤£¹L³o¸Ì¤£¬O¶Â¥Õ¤ÏÂà¡A¦Ó¬O²`«×ªº¤ÏÂà¡C¥ª²´¡B¥k²´³æ²´©Ò¨£ªº¹Ï¼Ë¡A¬Ý°_¨Ó¦n¹³¬O¹qµø¦¬¼½¤§«áªº³·¼É¹Ï(Snow storm)¡AÂù²´¤@°_¬Ý¡A©Ò¨£¨ìªº¦è¬v´Ñ½L¥H¬Y¤@­ÓÀW²v§@²`«×¤ÏÂà¡Aµø»¤µo¹q¦ì¦pªG°O¿ý¨ì³o­ÓÀW²vªº¹q¦ì«H¸¹¡A¥¦¥²©w¬O¤j¸£³Q¥ßÅéµø©Ò»¤µoªº¤ÏÀ³¡A¦]¬°¥ª¥k²´³æ²´¦U¦Û³£¤£¦s¦b³o­ÓÀW²vªº«H¸¹¿é¤J¡C

 

³o±i¹Ï´N¬O«e¤H©Ò¿×ªº°ÊºAÀH¾÷ÂI¥ßÅé¹Ï¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹B°Ê¥ßÅé¹Ï¡C¨C¤@±i¥ßÅé¹Ïªº­I´º©M«e´º³£¤£¤@¼Ë¡A¨Ã¤£¥]§t¦³¹B°Êı(motion perception)ªºµøı¨ë¿E¡A²`«×ı¬O¨Ó¦Û©ó¨C¤@±i¹Ï¸Ì¥ª¥k²´ªº¹³®t(disparity)¡A©M¥»¤å©Ò»¡ªº¹B°Ê¥ßÅéµø¬O¤£¦PªºªF¦è¡VÁöµM¨âªÌ³£¬O¡§°ÊºAªº¡¨¥ßÅé¹Ï§Î¡C

 

 

 

°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

¨                      Kitaoji H, Toyama K. Preservation of position and motion stereopsis in strabismic subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987;28:1260-1267.

¨                      Laby DM, Kirschen DG. Dynamic stereoacuity: priliminary results and normative data for a new test for the quantitative measurement of motion in depth. Binocular Vis & Eye Muscle Surgery. 1995;10:191-200.

¨                      Regan D. Depth from motion and motion-in-depth. In: Cronly-Dillon JR, ed. Vision and visual dysfunction, Vol. 9. Houndmills: Macmillan. - Regan D, ed. Binocular vision. Chapter 8. 1991;137-169.

¨                      Nakayama K. Biological image motion processing: a review. Vision Res. 1985;25(5):625-60.

¨                      Cumming BG, Parker AJ. Binocular mechanisms for detecting motion-in-depth. Vis Res 1994;34:483-495.

¨                      Maeda M, Sato M, Ohmura T, Miyazaki Y, Wang AH, Awaya S. Binocular depth-from-motion in infantile and late-onset esotropia patients with poor stereopsis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:3031-3036.

¨                      Wang AH. Proceedings of the Jampolsky Festschrift, The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI), San Francisco, April 2000.

 

 

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